Agricultural Pesticide Use and Hypospadias in Eastern Arkansas

Abstract

IntroductionWe assessed the relationship between hypospadias and proximity to agricultural pesticide applications using a GIS-based exposure method.MethodsWe obtained information for 354 cases of hypospadias born between 1998 and 2002 in eastern Arkansas; 727 controls were selected from birth certificates. We classified exposure on pounds of pesticides (estimated by crop type) applied or persisting within 500 m of each subject’s home during gestational weeks 6 to 16. We restricted our analyses to 38 pesticides with some evidence of reproductive, developmental, estrogenic, and/or antiandrogenic effects. We estimated timing of pesticide applications using crop phenology and published records.ResultsGestational age at birth [odds ratio (OR) = 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83–0.99], parity (OR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65–0.95), and delaying prenatal care until the third trimester (OR = 4.04; 95% CI, 1.46–11.23) were significantly associated with hypospadias. Risk of hypospadias increased by 8% for every 0.05-pound increase in estimated exposure to diclofop-methyl use (OR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.15). Pesticide applications in aggregate (OR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70–0.96) and applications of alachlor (OR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35–0.89) and permethrin (OR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16–0.86) were negatively associated with hypospadias.ConclusionsExcept for diclofop-methyl, we did not find evidence that estimated exposure to pesticides known to have reproductive, developmental, or endocrine-disrupting effects increases risk of hypospadias. Further research on the potential effects of exposure to diclofop-methyl is recommended.

Faktor Risiko Hipospadia pada Anak di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta

“…Pada penelitian lain melaporkan paparan pestisida dalam radius 2600 feet atau 780 meter dapat menyebabkan cedera ditingkat sel. Apabila ibu hamil terpapar pestisida dalam kurun waktu 3 bulan terutama rentang usia kehamilan 6 sampai 16 minggu maka perkembangan janin dapat terpengaruh sampai kepada timbulnya penyakit keganasan.. 10,12 Kelebihan penelitian kami adalah setelah dilakukan pencarian dari literatur jurnal PUBMED, penelitian ini yang pertama kali menggunakan perasat Google Earth dalam melihat lokasi tempat tinggal dekat dengan areal persawahan.…”

Malformações congênitas em regiões de monocultivo no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

“…47 Outro estudo destaca a relação entre agrotó-xicos específicos e MFC específicas: anencefalia foi relacionada a 2,4-D, metomil, imidacloprida e ao éster fosfato α-(para-nonil fenol)-ω-hidroxi polioxietileno; espinha bífida a bromoxinil e a fenda labial e palatina a trifluralina e maneb. 48 A terceira maior associação encontrada entre as mesorregiões analisadas foi referente à "Outras malformações do aparelho geniturinário" (OR = 1,62, IC 95% = 1,28 -2,06), similar aos achados de Meyer e colaboradores 49 que encontraram associação positiva entre a exposição à agrotóxicos específicos e hipospadia, um tipo de MFC do aparelho geniturinário masculino. Foram analisados 38 agrotóxicos que possuíam efeitos estrogênicos ou antiandrogênicos e outros com alguma evidência de toxicidade para a reprodução/desenvolvimento.…”

Hypospadias and Residential Proximity to Pesticide Applications

“…[16][17][18][19][20] We are aware of 1 other study that examined residential proximity to agriculture-related pesticide applications. 22 It too did not find an association with specific chemical exposures, but its exposures were derived from annual statewide summaries of applications to specific crop types.…”

“…12 Three subsequent large maternal occupation-based studies have not suggested elevated risk. [13][14][15] Studies examining maternal serum levels of persistent pesticides DDE [16][17][18][19][20] and chlordane 21 and 1 study that estimated exposure based on residential proximity to certain crops 22 also do not provide evidence for association. These studies are limited by relatively crude measures of exposure, small sample sizes, or investigation of a limited set of specific compounds.…”