“…(2018) provide an extensive review of theories addressing land-use extent, intensification, spillovers, and transitions, which we do not reiterate here. 8 Example explanations, however, include induced agricultural intensification and innovation (Muyanga & Jayne, 2014;Turner & Ali, 1996), forest transitions (Barbier et al, 2010;Meyfroidt & Lambin, 2011;Rudel et al, 2009), land rents and landuse zones around cities and protected areas (Brun et al, 2015;Chakir & Lungarska, 2017); urban expansion (Poelmans & Van Rompaey, 2010;Seto et al, 2011); telecoupling and land grabbing (Franco, 2012;Rulli et al, 2013); and spatial polarization and reorganization of land use (Kuemmerle et al, 2015;Stürck et al, 2018). We also considered explanations that have been under-emphasized in land system science, such as those addressing the social and political embeddedness of markets or variations in actors' decision-making (Munroe et al, 2014;Turner & Robbins, 2008).…”