Agricultural soybean and corn calendar based on moderate resolution satellite images for southern Brazil

Abstract

Knowledge of the agricultural calendar of crops is essential to better estimate and forecast the cultivation of large-scale crops. The aim of this study was to estimate sowing date (SD), date of maximum vegetative development (DMVD), and harvest date (HD) of soybean and corn in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Dates from 120 farms and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2011 to 2014 were used into a seasonal trend analysis to obtain soybean and corn seasonal patterns. The results indicate that the majority soybean is sown during October and the DMVD occurs between the second ten-day period of December and the first ten-day period of January. Owing to the spatial variability of the SD, the difference in the maturation cycles of the cultivars, and regional climatic variation, the HD of soybean varied greatly during the studied crop years, ranging from mid-February to late March. The SD of corn is before that of soybean, and mainly occurs in late September to mid-October. The DMVD mainly occurs during December, and the HD is distributed throughout January to March in Paraná. When comparing the estimated dates with observed dates the mean error (ME) varied from 0.2 days earlier to 3.3 days after the observed date for soybean with root mean square error (RMSE) from 1.93 to 14.73 days. For corn, the ME varied from 10.3 days to 18.5 days after the observed date with RMSE from 18.02 to 27.82 days.

Development of index insurance under the dynamics of multi-hazard risk in the context of climate change

“…Oligini et al (2021) recommended sowing dates in the beginning of October or earlier to make the second season of maize feasible in Paraná. Other studies are consistent with these dates for the Midwest (Júnior e Sentelhas, 2019;Becker et al, 2020). In South Brazil, soybean sowing is recommended from August 11 th to September 21 th and 21 th December 1 st to January 1 st , which also aligns with the simulation results.…”

Estimating Crop Sowing and Harvesting Dates Using Satellite Vegetation Index: A Comparative Analysis

“…In this study's area (Figure 1a), the soybean growing season is modulated by rainfall. In Paraná, soybean sowing usually occurs between the end of September (when the rainy season starts) and mid-November, with a higher concentration between late October and early November [37,40,41]. Harvesting is usually performed between mid-January and early April, with the crop cycle in most regions ranging from 120 to 160 days [37,40,41].…”

“…In Paraná, soybean sowing usually occurs between the end of September (when the rainy season starts) and mid-November, with a higher concentration between late October and early November [37,40,41]. Harvesting is usually performed between mid-January and early April, with the crop cycle in most regions ranging from 120 to 160 days [37,40,41]. In São Paulo, the sowing dates and the crop cycle duration are quite similar to those performed in Paraná, while the harvest comprises the period from February to May (Figure 1b; [42].…”

DeepForest: Novel Deep Learning Models for Land Use and Land Cover Classification Using Multi-Temporal and -Modal Sentinel Data of the Amazon Basin

“…Time-series scenes can capture the different plant phenologies during the crop life cycle, from seedlings to fully developed crops. For example, soybeans are fully ripe in southern Brazil in March [45], while the harvesting season for corn already begins in January [46].…”