Agricultural Subsidies

Abstract

Background: To our knowledge, no single investigation concerning the long-term effects of overweight status on the risk for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular sequelae has been reported.Methods: Relations between categories of body mass index (BMI), cardiovascular disease risk factors, and vascular disease end points were examined prospectively in Framingham Heart Study participants aged 35 to 75 years, who were followed up to 44 years. The primary outcome was new cardiovascular disease, which included angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, or stroke. Analyses compared overweight (BMI [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters], 25.0-29.9) and obese persons (BMI Ն30) to a referent group of normal-weight persons (BMI, 18.5-24.9). Results:The age-adjusted relative risk (RR) for new hypertension was highly associated with overweight sta-tus (men: RR, 1.46; women: RR, 1.75). New hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus were less highly associated with excess adiposity. The age-adjusted RR (confidence interval [CI]) for cardiovascular disease was increased among those who were overweight (

The Roots of First-Generation Farmers: The Role of Inspiration in Starting an Organic Farm

“…The result is diet-related diseases and hunger resulting from the long-term effects of diets made up of calorie-dense, long-lasting foods being much cheaper than foods that are not calorie-dense, like fresh fruits and vegetables, paired with the inability to afford fresh fruits and vegetables. Diet-related diseases and hunger emerged as unintended consequences, disproportionally affecting low-income people and people of color [24][25][26][27][28][29].…”