Agricultural Virtual Water Trade and Water Footprint of U.S. States

Mubako, Stanley; Lant, Christopher L.

doi:10.1080/00045608.2013.756267

Cited by 46 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For reference, we also present regional crop water demand (CWD), expressed as intensity or the annual volume of rainwater needed per volume of crop produced (in dry short tons, d.s.t, which is equivalent to 0.907 metric ton of dry biomass) (Figure 7). Results clearly indicate that CWDs for all three major crops in the Midwest are among the lowest in the U.S. (Figure 7), which means there is higher water use efficiency in this region, and is consistent with previous studies [22,89]. CWDs in the Northern Plains, which is the second largest crop production region in the U.S., are moderately higher -41%, 22%, and 17% for corn, soybean, and wheat, respectively-than in the Corn Belt.…”

Section: Regional and County-level Green Water Availabilitysupporting

confidence: 80%

A First Estimation of County-Based Green Water Availability and Its Implications for Agriculture and Bioenergy Production in the United States

Hui

2018

Water

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Green water is vital for the terrestrial ecosystem, but water resource assessment often focuses on blue water. In this study, we estimated green water availability for major crops (i.e., corn, soybean, and wheat) and all other users (e.g., forest, grassland, and ecosystem services) at the county level in the United States. We estimated green water resources from effective rain (ER) using three different methods: Smith, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Soil Conservation Service (USDA-SCS), and the NHD plus V2 dataset. The analysis illustrates that, if green water meets all crop water demands, the fraction of green water resources available to all other users varies significantly across regions, from the Northern Plains (0.71) to the Southeast (0.98). At the county level, this fraction varies from 0.23 to 1.0. Green water resources estimated using the three different ER methods present diverse spatiotemporal distribution patterns across regions, which could affect green water availability estimates. The water availability index for green water (WAI_R) was measured taking into account crop water demand and green water resources aggregated at the county level. Beyond these parameters, WAI_R also depends on the precipitation pattern, crop type and spatially differentiated regions. In addition, seasonal analysis indicated that WAI_R is sensitive to the temporal boundary of the analysis.

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Section: Regional and County-level Green Water Availabilitysupporting

confidence: 80%

A First Estimation of County-Based Green Water Availability and Its Implications for Agriculture and Bioenergy Production in the United States

Hui

2018

Water

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“…A similar commodity balance approach was implemented by Ma et al [66] for provinces in China and by Mubako and Lant [65] for states in the U.S. The second approach uses empirical data on commodity transfers.…”

Section: Water Footprint Assessment (Wfa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the WFA method, global hydrologic models are primarily used to estimate product WFs. Key models that have been used include CROPWAT [38,[65][66][67], the Global Crop Water Model (GCWM) [68,69], and the H08 [70,71], among others. Once the virtual water content of agricultural commodities is found, a subsequent step is to determine the destination of this virtual water.…”

Section: Water Footprint Assessment (Wfa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Footprint of Cities: A Review and Suggestions for Future Research

et al. 2015

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Cities are hotspots of commodity consumption, with implications for both local and systemic water resources. Water flows "virtually" into and out of cities through the extensive cross-boundary exchange of goods and services. Both virtual and real water flows are affected by water supply investments and urban planning decisions, which influence residential, commercial, and industrial development. This form of water "teleconnection" is being increasingly recognized as an important aspect of water decision-making. The role of trade and virtual water flows as an alternative to expanding a city's "real" water supply is rarely acknowledged, with an emphasis placed instead on monotonic expansion of engineering potable water supplies. We perform a literature review of water footprint studies to evaluate OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 8462 the potential and importance of taking virtual flows into account in urban planning and policy. We compare and contrast current methods to assess virtual water flows. We also identify and discuss priorities for future research in urban water footprint analysis.

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“…Julian Fulton et al [56] compared the U.S. WF to California's WF and found that policy-relevant differences stand out, arguing that such findings demonstrate that WF assessments may find more policy relevance when scaled to analytical units where water-related decision making occurs. Stanley Mubako et al [57] investigated the geographical patterns of water footprint and virtual water trade among U.S. states and illustrated that the economic geography of the production of water-intensive products, and the institutions that link people to the sources of their WF is where the heart of the water scarcity issue lies.…”

Section: Administrative Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Water Footprint Project within Geographically Delineated Area

Symeonidou¹,

Vagiona²

2015

JESE-B

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During the last decade, there has been an intensive research activity concerning the concept of the Water Footprint (WF) approach, which was firstly introduced by Arjen Hoekstra in 2002. WF is an indicator of direct and indirect freshwater use of a consumer or producer that takes into account water consumption in every step (intermediate and final) along the production chain and services. The concept can be implemented in various levels such as products, consumers, producers, nations and river basins etc.. The water footprint within a geographically delineated area equals the sum of the process water footprints of all processes taking place in the area. The aim of current research is a review of the most important WF studies, with a special focus on applications within regional, basin and administrative unit level. National and global scales are not included in the current paper. The article presents the most widespread methodologies and approaches that attempt to evaluate water footprints of specific defined areas and highlights their recent advances as well as shortcomings in the constantly evolving research efforts.

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Agricultural Virtual Water Trade and Water Footprint of U.S. States

Cited by 46 publications

References 17 publications

A First Estimation of County-Based Green Water Availability and Its Implications for Agriculture and Bioenergy Production in the United States

A First Estimation of County-Based Green Water Availability and Its Implications for Agriculture and Bioenergy Production in the United States

Water Footprint of Cities: A Review and Suggestions for Future Research

Review of the Water Footprint Project within Geographically Delineated Area

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