Agricultural waste amendments improve inundation treatment of soil contaminated with potato cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Abstract

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, are major constraints to potato production. They are distributed passively with soil adhering to farm machinery and harvested tubers, but also by waste soil from trading and processing plants. Inundation is considered an environmentally save method for disinfestation of waste soil. We investigated if agro-industrial waste products accelerate this disinfestation process by studying PCN survival, hatching and infectivity over time. Experiments were conducted in 2-L containers filled with 1.5 L non-amended soil, soil amended with steamed or fresh potato peels, calcium sulphate, steamed potato peels mixed with calcium sulphate, or leek leaves. In each container, cysts of G. rostochiensis or G. pallida were buried in the soil in retrievable bags and 400 ml water was added. Non-amended and non-inundated soils were the controls. It took 8 weeks of inundation of non-amended soil to reduce nematode survival by 72 %, while in amended soils survival was reduced up to 99.9 % after 4 weeks. After 1 week, fewer second-stage juveniles (J2) hatched and infected roots in inundated amended soil than in inundated non-amended soil. Host finding ability of surviving J2 was not affected. To understand mechanisms of nematode suppression, concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), gases (O-2, CO2, H2S, CH4, and N-2) and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were determined. Higher concentrations of SCFA and carbon dioxide and lower levels of oxygen were detected in amended treatments. H2S was occasionally detected in the leek-amended soil. The microbial biomass changed significantly in potato peels-amended soils

Cyst nematode bio‐communication with plants: implications for novel management approaches

“…These findings suggest that depending on the moisture conditions, cyst nematodes may be exposed to higher or lower concentrations of water‐soluble hatching stimulants and phyto‐attractants. Increased carbon dioxide levels and short‐chain fatty acid content in the soil, derived from available organic matter, inhibit potato cyst nematode hatching 32 . Fluctuating oxygen concentrations can reduce hatching rates of H. schachtii 33 .…”

“…Increased carbon dioxide levels and short-chain fatty acid content in the soil, derived from available organic matter, inhibit potato cyst nematode hatching. 32 Fluctuating oxygen concentrations can reduce hatching rates of H. schachtii. 33 On the other hand, aeration results in increased hatching of H. avenae and G. rostochiensis.…”

Effectiviteit van inundatie voor de bestrijding van Meloidogyne chitwoodi : Onderzoek naar de effectiviteit van inundatie op praktijkpercelen: Onderzoek naar effect van inundatie-duur, temperatuur en toevoegen van organisch materiaal op de effectiviteit van inundatie

“…Alle organische stof toevoegingen versnelden het inundatie proces en de besmetting was na 6 weken inundatie al zeer sterk afgenomen, met meer dan 99%. Ook Ebrahimi (2016) laat in haar onderzoek aan aardappelmoeheid zien dat het door de grond mengen van extra (vers) organisch het inundatieproces kan versnellen.…”

“…Toevoegen van organisch materiaal versnelt het inundatie proces; door een actiever bodemleven wordt de grond sneller zuurstofloos en er ontstaan hogere concentratie (toxische) afbraakproducten (Ebrahimi, 2016).…”

Management of Cyst and Root Knot Nematodes: A Chemical Ecology Perspective

“…The degradation of soil organic acids into short-chain fatty acids under anoxic conditions has also been reported to have a suppressive effect on PCN. 46,47 As shown in Figure 1, plant hormonal signaling pathway can also influence RKN and cyst nematode host finding. For instance, an active ethylene (ET) signaling pathway has been reported to repel M. hapla 20 and the soybean cyst nematode H. glycines but attracts the sugar beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii), 48 while Arabidopsis mutants overexpressing ethylene were found to be more susceptible to the cyst nematodes.…”