Agriculture’s Moral Dilemmas and the Need for Agroecology

Zimdahl, Robert L.

doi:10.3390/agronomy8070116

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We contend that if the history of modern industrial (food) production practices and their detrimental effects on natural environments and social systems (e.g. Rockström et al 2013;Zimdahl 2018;Haraway et al 2019) are not brought into debates, promises of how NGTs will come to solve sustainability issues will seem little trustworthy and little attuned to the actual and complex problems of the present. We are therefore concerned by the ease with which the EU Commission's study (2021), like other recent reports (Det Etiske Råd 2019; NBAB and GENEInnovate 2020), presents the new and 'reversed' ethical arguments as equally important to 'traditional' ones rooted in the need for precaution in the application of gene technologies.…”

Section: Why 'Safe Enough' Is Not 'Trustworthy Enough'mentioning

confidence: 99%

With great power comes great responsibility: why ‘safe enough’ is not good enough in debates on new gene technologies

et al. 2022

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New genomic techniques (NGTs) are powerful technologies with the potential to change how we relate to our food, food producers, and natural environment. Their use may affect the practices and values our societies are built on. Like many countries, the EU is currently revisiting its GMO legislation to accommodate the emergence of NGTs. We argue that assessing such technologies according to whether they are ‘safe enough’ will not create the public trust necessary for societal acceptance. To avoid past mistakes of under- or miscommunication about possible impacts, we need open, transparent, and inclusive societal debate on the nature of the science of gene (editing) technologies, on how to use them, and whether they contribute to sustainable solutions to societal and environmental challenges. To be trustworthy, GMO regulation must demonstrate the authorities’ ability to manage the scientific, socio-economic, environmental, and ethical complexities and uncertainties associated with NGTs. Regulators and authorities should give equal attention to the reflexive and the emotional aspects of trust and make room for honest public and stakeholder inclusion processes. The European Group of Ethics in Science and Technology’s recent report on the Ethics of Genome Editing (2021) is important in calling attention to a series of fundamental issues that ought to be included in debates on the regulation and use of NGTs to ensure public trust in these technologies and in regulating authorities. With the great power of NGTs comes great responsibility, and the way forward must be grounded in responsible research, innovation, and regulation.

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Section: Why 'Safe Enough' Is Not 'Trustworthy Enough'mentioning

confidence: 99%

With great power comes great responsibility: why ‘safe enough’ is not good enough in debates on new gene technologies

et al. 2022

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“…The introduction of novel technologies of growing of genetically modified (GM) crops, which drastically changed the US agriculture, is dated back to 1996. Since then, the areas planted to GM crops keep on increasing, and so do the concerns of some researchers about safety of such approaches (Zimdahl, 2018;Nishimoto, 2019;Clark, Maselko, 2020;Bourdineaud, 2022). Without going into details of this criticism, the very fact of the development of these technologies is undoubtfully a remarkable milestone in plant protection from weeds (Brookes, 2014;Gosavi et al, 2022;Brunharo et al, 2022).…”

Section: Novel Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directions for improvement of the herbicide assortment in Russia at the beginning of the 21st century

Golubev

2022

1727-1320

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Changes in herbicides recommended for the use in Russian Federation between 2000 and 2022 are analyzed. The main directions of iimproving chemical control of weeds are identified based on the integration of domestic market with the world market. Only a limited number of active ingredients was introduced in Russia during the last decade, including pinoxaden, thiencarbazone-methyl, piroxulam, sodium flucarbazone, topramezone, diclosulam, tembotrione, and metamifop. Improved formulations of herbicides such as colloidal solution concentrate with increased penetrability due to the particle size reduced by an order of magnitude became widely available. Premix herbicides were developed based on tribenuronmethyl, metsulfuron-methyl, florasulam, clopiralid, picloram, imazamox, imazapyr, imazethapyr, etc.Parameters for herbicide application were optimized to consider phenology of weeds. Novel technologies were implemented, such as growing hybrids resistant to certain active ingredients to allow their application during crop vegetation.

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“…Current knowledge of weed biology should be incorporated with the study of ecological interactions, technological innovations and decision-making algorithms to effectively contribute to the further development of integrated weed management strategies (Zimdahl, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The integration of management techniques based on biological knowledge of individual weeds such as seed germination, seed dormancy and seedling emergence can provide more sustainable weed control strategies and mitigate herbicide resistance under both current and projected conditions (Mahajan & Chauhan, 2020). Current knowledge of weed biology should be incorporated with the study of ecological interactions, technological innovations and decision‐making algorithms to effectively contribute to the further development of integrated weed management strategies (Zimdahl, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson and A. hybridus L.

Talaee,

Rezvani,

Radmard

et al. 2023

Weed Research

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Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson and A. hybridus L. are common herbaceous annual summer weeds in different regions of Iran, which produce a large number of small seeds per plant. The goal of these experiments was to determine seed germination cardinal temperature and investigate the effect of constant temperature, osmotic and salt stresses, stratification, flooding duration, after‐ripening and seed planting depth on seed germination and seedling emergence. Two‐piece segmented, dent‐like and beta four‐parameter models were used to investigate the relationship between germination rate and constant temperature. The dent‐like model showed the best description of the effect of constant temperature on seed germination rate of both A. blitoides and A. hybridus. Optimal seed germination of A. blitoides occurred at 35°C, but in A. hybridus optimum germination was observed in a range of constant temperatures from 30 to 40°C. Osmotic and salt stresses and flooding adversely affected seed germination of both species. After ripening for 6 months increased germination percentage of both A. blitoides and A. hybridus. Maximum seedling emergence of A. blitoides (42.8%) and A. hybridus (44.9%) occurred at a planting depth of 3.3 cm, whereas further increased planting depth minimized seedling emergence of both weeds. Information obtained from this study will help us to develop effective techniques for management of A. blitoides and A. hybridus.

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Agriculture’s Moral Dilemmas and the Need for Agroecology

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

With great power comes great responsibility: why ‘safe enough’ is not good enough in debates on new gene technologies

With great power comes great responsibility: why ‘safe enough’ is not good enough in debates on new gene technologies

Directions for improvement of the herbicide assortment in Russia at the beginning of the 21st century

Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson and A. hybridus L.

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