“…The CLASPs (CLASP1 and CLASP2), discovered in 2001 as binding partners for the CAP-Gly domain-containing linker proteins 1 and 2 (CLIP1/CLIP-170 and CLIP2/CLIP-115), were initially found to bind and stabilize the growing, distal ends of microtubules, independently of the CLIPs (17). Subsequent studies revealed that CLASPs localize wherever microtubules are needed, kinetochores in the nucleus for mitosis (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23), the cell cortex (24-27), the leading edge lamella and lamellipodium of motile cells (28)(29)(30)(31), the Golgi (17,(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38), axons (39, 40), the developing apical membrane surface during lumen formation within endothelial cells (41), adherens junctions at cell-cell contacts (42, 43), the neuromuscular junction (44)(45)(46), podosomes (47), and focal adhesions (48). Within each of these molecular systems, the dynamic instability of microtubules undergo differential regulation by proteins specific to each of the biological processes (49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55).…”