Agrin regulates growth cone turning of<i>Xenopus</i>spinal motoneurons

Xu, Xiaoxing; Fu, Amy Kit Yu; Ip, Fanny Chun Fun; Wu, Chen; Duan, Shumin; Poo, Mu‐ming; Yuan, Xiaobin; Ip, Nancy Y.

doi:10.1242/dev.02016

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Furthermore, this activation seems to be essential for the clustering of acetylcholine receptors in the presence of agrin (Weston et al, 2000). In contrast, agrin decreased Rac 1 activation in cultured hippocampal neurons (Xu et al, 2005). The lack of activation of Rac 1 under our experimental conditions, together with those previous observations, suggested that the ability of agrin to activate this signaling pathway might be cell-type specific.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Similar results were obtained when sensory and motor neurons were grown on cells expressing different agrin isoforms (Chang et al, 1997). More recently, it has been shown that agrin also induced repulsive growth cone turning in cultured Xenopus spinal neurons (Xu et al, 2005). In addition to these direct effects, agrin could regulate neurite elongation by modulating the function of neurite-promoting molecules.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Experimental evidence obtained recently suggests that agrin modulates neurite elongation in central neurons (Gautman et al, 1996;Chang et al, 1997;Mantych and Ferreira, 2001;Xu et al, 2005). However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this developmental agrin function.…”

Section: Agrin Induced the Enlargement Of Axonal Growth Cones In Cultmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agrin induced morphological and structural changes in growth cones of cultured hippocampal neurons

2007

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The role of agrin in synaptogenesis has been extensively studied. On the other hand, little is known about the function of this extracellular matrix protein during developmental processes that precede the formation of synapses. Recently, it has been shown that agrin regulates the rate of neurite elongation and the behavior of growth cones in hippocampal and spinal neurons, respectively. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects have not been completely elucidated.In the present study, we analyzed the morphological and molecular changes induced by agrin in growth cones of hippocampal neurons that developed in culture. Morphometric analysis showed a significant enlargement of growth cones of hippocampal neurons cultured in the presence of agrin. These agrin-induced growth cone changes were accompanied by the formation of loops of microtubules highly enriched in acetylated tubulin and an increase in the content of the microtubuleassociated protein MAP1B. Together, these data provide further insights into the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of agrin on neurite outgrowth in central neurons.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

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Agrin induced morphological and structural changes in growth cones of cultured hippocampal neurons

2007

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“…More disturbingly, the two sets of BDNF data (Song et al. , 1997; Stein & Tessier‐Lavigne, 2001) are inconsistent, and an agrin gradient causes repulsion without affecting axonal growth rate, while bath application of agrin reduces growth rates (Xu et al. , 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth cone responses to growth and chemotropic factors

Sanford

Gatlin

Hökfelt

et al. 2008

Eur J of Neuroscience

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During nervous system development axons reach their target areas under the influence of numerous guidance cues that affect rate and direction of growth. This report addresses the unsettled question of whether and to what extent growth velocity and turning responses (attraction, repulsion) are interdependent. We exposed individual growth cones of fetal rat dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture asymmetrically to gradients of seven different factors and recorded their growth rates and turning angles. Growth cones exhibited divergent patterns of turning and growth responses. For example, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and thrombin all promoted growth, but HGF was a powerful attractant, thrombin a potent repellent and IGF-1 did not elicit turning. Galanin and neuropeptide Y also affected growth and/or turning differentially. Finally, nerve growth factor in the culture medium not only inhibited the turning responses to HGF, but also converted growth promotion of HGF and IGF-1 into inhibition. Overall, our studies indicate that: (i) turning and advance are regulated independently, except that strong attractive or repulsive responses generally are accompanied by growth promotion; (ii) asymmetric growth factor application per se does not elicit attraction; (iii) regulation of the two parameters may occur through a single receptor; and (iv) the effects of combined growth factors may not be additive and can be inhibitory.

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“…Using the similar growth cone turning assay, Nancy Ip and colleagues [44] at the HUSK and ION discovered that agrin, a molecule previously known to induce postsynaptic specializations at neuromuscular junctions, inhibits the neurite extension in cultured Xenopus spinal neurons. A gradient of agrin induced repulsive growth cone turning in a PI 3 -kinase-and [Ca 2+ ] i -dependent way.…”

Section: Rho Gtpases Signaling In Nerve Growth Cone Guidancementioning

confidence: 99%

Axon guidance and neuronal migration research in China

Yuan

2010

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Proper migration of neuronal somas and axonal growth cones to designated locations in the developing brain is essential for the assembly of functional neuronal circuits. Rapid progress in research of axon guidance and neuronal migration has been made in the last twenty years. Chinese researchers began their exploration in this field ten years ago and have made significant contributions in clarifying the signal transduction of axon guidance and neuronal migration. Several unique experimental approaches, including the migration assay of single isolated neurons in response to locally delivered guidance cues, have been developed by Chinese neuroscientists to investigate the molecular machinery underlying these guidance events.

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Agrin regulates growth cone turning ofXenopusspinal motoneurons

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Agrin induced morphological and structural changes in growth cones of cultured hippocampal neurons

Agrin induced morphological and structural changes in growth cones of cultured hippocampal neurons

Growth cone responses to growth and chemotropic factors

Axon guidance and neuronal migration research in China

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