“…During early development of Xenopus, Na + ,K + ‐ATPase activity has been implicated in blastocoel formation (Slack et al, 1973), for the maintenance of neural plate potentials (Blackshaw and Warner, 1976), and in neuronal differentiation (Messenger and Warner, 2000). Na + ,K + ‐ATPase has also recently been found to have roles in cell adhesion (Shoshani et al, 2005), cell polarity (Laprise et al, 2009), phosphotidylinositol 3‐kinase (Barwe et al, 2005), and Src kinase signaling (Xie and Askari, 2002), endocytosis (Cai et al, 2008), tubulogenesis (Krupinski and Beitel, 2009), tight junction formation (Rajasekaran et al, 2005), and as receptor for progesterone (Morrill et al, 2005) and Agrin (Hilgenberg et al, 2006, 2009).…”