AgriSecure: A Fog Computing-Based Security Framework for Agriculture 4.0 via Blockchain

Abstract

Every aspect of the 21st century has undergone a revolution because of the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart computing technologies. These technologies are applied in many different ways, from monitoring the state of crops and the moisture level of the soil in real-time to using drones to help with chores such as spraying pesticides. The extensive integration of both recent IT and conventional agriculture has brought in the phase of agriculture 4.0, often known as smart agriculture. Agriculture intelligence and automation are addressed by smart agriculture. However, with the advancement of agriculture brought about by recent digital technology, information security challenges cannot be overlooked. The article begins by providing an overview of the development of agriculture 4.0 with pros and cons. This study focused on layered architectural design, identified security issues, and presented security demands and upcoming prospects. In addition to that, we propose a security architectural framework for agriculture 4.0 that combines blockchain technology, fog computing, and software-defined networking. The suggested framework combines Ethereum blockchain and software-defined networking technologies on an open-source IoT platform. It is then tested with three different cases under a DDoS attack. The results of the performance analysis show that overall, the proposed security framework has performed well.

A comprehensive examination of security and privacy in precision agriculture technologies

“…The vast amount of data collected, including crop yield, soil health, and equipment status, makes precision agriculture systems attractive targets for cybercriminals [111]- [114].…”

Unveiling the core of IoT: comprehensive review on data security challenges and mitigation strategies

“…These attacks can compromise farming processes, disrupt data collection, and compromise system integrity (Vangala et al, 2022). Neural network-based systems (Aldhyani and Alkahtani, 2023), blockchain technology with fog computing (Padhy et al, 2023), and deep learning models (Negera et al, 2023) can be used to protect smart agricultural systems.…”

Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Agriculture Applications: A Survey

“…While this location data is indispensable for optimizing farming practices, it raises substantial privacy challenges. Unauthorized access to precise location data can violate the privacy of farmers and stakeholders, potentially leading to misuse or security breaches [521], [524], [525]. Robust privacy-preserving mechanisms and compliance with privacy regulations are essential to address these concerns and ensure the responsible and ethical use of location data in IoT-WSNs-based SA [72], [526], [527].…”

“…The inherent interconnectivity of IOT-WSNs renders them susceptible to a range of security risks, including node compromise, tampering, and malicious attacks [525], [528], [529]. Threats such as unauthorized access, data breaches, and cyber-attacks pose significant data integrity and confidentiality risks as data transits these networks [13], [530], [531].…”