Agro-Environmental Evaluation of Irrigation Water from Different Sources, Together with Drainage and Escape Water of Rice Irrigation Systems, According to its Impact on Maize

Abstract

The water supply deficit requires agro-environmental rationale for the use of alternative water sources to feed agricultural crops, viz.: industrial wastes, municipal drains, farm animal waste, drainage and escape water of rice irrigation systems. We analyzed the quality of irrigation water from different sources, with regard to the content of cations, anions, water-soluble salts, power of hydrogen (рН), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), etc. in it. In the course of the greenhouse trial, we diagnosed its impact on the indicator crop (maize) (Zea mays L.) with its herbage crop stage of 10 leaves, supplied with water of varying quality. We proved the viability of improved drainage and escape water from rice irrigation systems in irrigated agriculture, owing to which maize herbage was diminished, on average, by 5.82%. We verified the negative impact of irrigation water, which contains the effluent disposals of metallurgical production, on croppers-it had contributed to diminishing the watered maize herb, on average, by 39.27%. A correlation analysis of the test data proved the closely interrelated feedback between the maize herbage amount and the content of cations, anions and water-soluble salts in irrigation water (coefficient of correlation r varied between 0.88 and 0.98). The worked-out linear regressive model for maize herbage, based on the content of water-soluble salts in irrigation water, together with SAR index (Y=2342.71-1.82×x 1 +366.78×x 2), affirmed the validity of the pattern, discovered by means of the correlation analysis.

The Use of World Water Resources in the Irrigation of Field Cultivations

“…The sources of water for irrigation can be divided into surface (rivers, natural and artificial reservoirs) and underground (drilled and dug wells). Due to the variety of origins, the quality of the water is very important, and it should meet certain standards (Lykhovyd et al 2019). They concern the chemical composition -dissolved substances such as chlorine, sodium, nitrogen, pH and the presence of bacteria.…”

The Assessment of the Quality and Quantity of Water Retained in Closed Granite Quarries with the View to Mitigate the Effects of Droughts in Agriculture

“…In many cases the water is characterised as low quality [13]. Water deficits and poor water quality (e.g., for irrigation) require the solution of several problems-such as increasing the effectiveness of using water resources and reducing the influence of irrigation on the environment, by using various sources of water for irrigation [14,15]. This is why it may be important to use quarry lakes as sources of water for irrigation, in particular in areas with poor water resources [16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Efficient Use of Solid and Water Soluble Fertilizers for Corn Production in the Northern Part of Steppe Zone of Ukraine

“…As a major type of irrigated crop, corn belongs to the first four main crops including wheat, rice and sorghum [7,12,16,17]. The great potential of corn is reached in conditions of favorable nutrient, water and air conditions of the soil, which first can be created when it is grown on irrigated lands.…”