Agro-waste derived compounds (flax and black seed peels): Toxicological effect against the West Nile virus vector, Culex pipiens L. with special reference to GC–MS analysis

Abstract

The development of different approaches to use agricultural residues as a source of high value-added products, become a must, especially after the problems emerged due to their accumulation. This contribution demonstrates the potential of agricultural residues, Linuim usitatissium (flax seed) and Nigella sativa (black seed) peels, as raw materials for the production of bioactive products, botanical insecticides, against Cx. pipiens , with deep analysis to their chemical constituents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the larvicidal efficacies of the three crude extracts (methylene chloride, petroleum ether and methanol 70%) from the two plant waste peels were evaluated for the first time against the late third instar larvae of Cx. pipiens . Results indicated different lethal doses in larvae depending on the efficacy of organic solvent used. For both compounds methanol 70% extracts produced the highest dry yield. The most efficient solvent is petroleum ether in case of both flax and Black seed peels. Petroleum ether extract exhibited the highest toxicity against Cx. pipiens with an LC50 of 69.6383 ppm. The same results for black seed indicated that petroleum ether was the most efficient against Cx. pipiens with an LC50 of 40.7748 ppm. The study revealed for the first time the type of phytochemical constituents presents in peels of flax and black seeds using GC–MS analysis which revealed twenty-eight constituents among extracts of flax and black seed peels ranging from to 58.8711% to 99.99% of the total extracts. GC–MS profiling showed that a five constituents, 9-2-Methyl-Z, Z-3, 13 octadecadienol (terpenoid), 9,17-Octadecadienal, (Z)-, Nonanoic acid, 9-oxo-, methyl ester, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid Z,Z and Octasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13,15,15-hexadecamethyl- have insecticidal activity beside many other biological activities as recorded from a variety of botanical extracts. While the constituents like Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and cis -9-Hexadecenal, both of them are larvicidal, cis -Vaccenic acid and 9-Oxononanoic acid showing only an insecticidal activity beside Undecanoic acid the mosquito repellent. The other six constituents Linoelaidic acid, Oleic Acid, Z-2-Octadecen-1-ol, 1-Methoxy-3-hydroxymethylheptane, Cis-11,14–Eicosadieonic acid-methyl ester and Heptasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13-tetradecamethyl- are constituents of other plant extracts which showed as a whole an insecticidal activity.

Biochemical Composition, Toxicity and Bioactivities of the Essential Oil extracted from Coffea arabica L. husks against the Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctudiae)

“…The major compound resulting from the analysis of the extract is oleic acid with a peak area equal to 65 % this may be the major component that resulted in toxicity. Oleic acid was recorded as a constituent of many plant extracts which as a whole proved to have an insecticidal activity (Sini et al 2005;Farag et al, 2011;Farag et al, 2021b). Also, it was previously reported as a successful larvicide against Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (Yousef and Moustafa, 2013).…”

“…It also showed toxicity against mosquito larvae (Ravindran et al, 2020). The next constituent; 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-a polyunsaturated fatty acid with the area (2.1 %) showed insecticidal activity (Christiana et al, 2019) and many other biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer and nematicide (Adeyemi et al, 2017) and is also a constituent of plant waste extract which had insecticidal activity (Farag et al . 2021b).…”

“…The insecticidal toxicity of the coffee oil extract is not only due to its main constituents mentioned above, the antagonistic or the synergistic effect of a single compound in the mixture should be taken into account. Thus the activity may also be owing to certain minority components or to the synergistic effect of many constituents (Ravi et al, 2018;Farag, et al 2021b).…”

“…Several studies dealt with the use of insecticides derived from agro-wastes against insect pests such as the works by Abaza (2020), Ashamo et al (2021), Farag et al (2021a) and Farag et al (2021b) and produced encouraging results if compared with the application of chemical insecticides.…”

Innovative technologies for the processing of raw materials of plant origin to improve the quality of food supply of the troops

“…A recognized problem in the preservation of flax seeds and the manufacture of products from it are their diseases and other negative factors [4], which significantly affect the nutritional properties [5].This problem is described, but real ways of solving it are not defined. At the same time both negative food, and toxic properties can be shown [6,7]. Unfortunately, the undeniable harmfulness of flax seeds diseases is not considered in terms of creating bacteriostatic storage conditions.…”