Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer: recent advancements and layered immunity in plants

Abstract

Main conclusion Plant responds to Agrobacterium via three-layered immunity that determines its susceptibility or resistance to Agrobacterium infection. Abstract Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil-borne Gram-negative bacterium that causes crown gall disease in plants. The remarkable feat of interkingdom gene transfer has been extensively utilised in plant biotechnology to transform plant as well as non-host systems. In the past two decades, the molecular mode of the pathogenesis of A. tumefaciens has been extensively studied. Agrobacterium has also been utilised as a premier model to understand the defence response of plants during plant– Agrobacterium interaction. Nonetheless, the threat of Agrobacterium -mediated crown gall disease persists and is associated with a huge loss of plant vigour in agriculture. Understanding the molecular dialogues between these two interkingdom species might provide a cure for crown gall disease. Plants respond to A. tumefaciens by mounting a three-layered immune response, which is manipulated by Agrobacterium via its virulence effector proteins. Comparative studies on plant defence proteins versus the counter-defence of Agrobacterium have shed light on plant susceptibility and tolerance. It is possible to manipulate a plant’s immune system to overcome the crown gall disease and increase its competence via A. tumefaciens -mediated transformation. This review summarises the recent advances in the molecular mode of Agrobacterium pathogenesis as well as the three-layered immune response of plants against Agrobacterium infection.

In-Depth Characterization of Crown Gall Disease of Tobacco in Serbia

“…Upon symptom development, pathogenicity was evaluated based on tumor formation at the inoculation site [17]. Reisolations were performed on D1 medium as soon as symptoms were observed, and the congruence between the reisolates and the original isolates was assessed by multiplex PCR, according to the protocol described by Puławska et al [6].…”

“…Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil-borne, Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacterium, causes disease symptoms in a variety of plant species by integrating a transfer DNA Agronomy 2024, 14, 851 2 of 13 (T-DNA) from a tumor-inducing plasmid into the host genome [5,6]. The genes required for T-DNA processing and transfer are located in a virulence region with several vir operons (virA-H) on pTi [7].…”

Comparative transcriptome reprogramming in oak galls containing asexual or sexual generations of gall wasps

“…The process of novel DNA insertions could be similar to crown galls, where a T-DNA insertion is required to hijack normal growth pathways to create a tumour like growth. This occurs by the T-strand integrating into the host plant genome and causing malignant growth though the expression of auxin, cytokinin and opine (Tiwari et al, 2022). Regardless of the mechanism, the complexity of the different gall forms suggests that a controlled and regulated re-programming of plant gene expression is taking place, which would be hard to achieve by simply modulating phytohormone levels.…”

تثبيط تكوين الاغشية الحيوية في بكتيريا Agrobacterium tumefaciens بالمادة الطافية الخالية من خلايا Pseudomonas aeruginosa والمحللة بجهاز GC-MS

“…Tumor formation is caused by oncogenic genes and genes that encode enzymes, which produce auxins and cytokinins. 2. the genes responsible for producing opines which are produced in either octopine or nopaline form by the majority of common Agrobacterium strains ) of the Ti-(tumor-inducing) plasmid (140-235 kb) to the host cells and become part of their genetic material, which causes a disease crown galls in a wide range of dicotyledonous plants 7,8 , estimated to be 643 out of 331 genera affected by the disease 9 . And given the fact that many of these plants are of economic importance in the world 10 , so this infection causes a decrease in agricultural production, which leads to huge financial losses 11 , from this standpoint it became necessary to search for ways to combat it, especially in preventing its formation of biofilms.…”