“…As a result, the F3 5 H gene is often referred to as the "blue gene" [12,21,22], and it has attracted considerable attention as a crucial molecular tool for generating blue flower colors through genetic engineering techniques [6]. Since the first F3 5 H was isolated from Petunia hybrida [23], to date, the homologous genes of F3 5 H have been isolated from many plants, including C. medium [24], Vinca major [25], Verbena hybrida [26], Phalaenopsis [27,28], Glycine soja [29], Cyclamen persicum [30], Dendrobium moniliforme [31], Antirrhinum kelloggii [8], Epimedium sagittatum [32], Pericallis hybrida [22], Camellia sinensis [12], and Aconitum carmichaelii [33,34]. By heterologous over-expression, some F3 5 Hs have been used to increase the accumulation of delphinidin-based anthocyanins for producing a blue color in some flower crops, such as roses [1,2,6,18], carnations [2,6,17,18] and chrysanthemums [7,14].…”