Agrochemical Properties of Gray Forest Soil and the Structure of Grain Crops Yield Under the Influence of Silicon-Containing Organomineral Fertilizer

Abstract

The aim of the research was to study the effect of silicon-containing organomineral fertilizer (OMF) on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of spring wheat of the Yoldyz variety and buckwheat of the Nikolskaya variety, as well as the main agrochemical parameters of gray forest soil. The work was carried out in a pot experiment, the scheme of which involved the study of the following options: without fertilizers (control); N60P60K60 - background; OMF 2 t/ha; OMF 3 t/ha; background + OMF 2 t/ha; background + OMF 3 t/ha./ha. OMF was obtained by mixing heat-treated organic (chicken manure) at a temperature of 60...70°C and mineral (zeolite from the Tatarsko-Shatrashansky deposit of the Republic of Tatarstan) components in a ratio of 1:1. Soil and plant samples were analyzed using conventional methods. Agrochemical characteristics of the soil before the experiment: gray forest medium loamy soil with an organic matter content of 2.9%, pHKCl of 5.86 units, hydrolytic acidity of 2.16 mg/100 g, the sum of absorbed bases of 20.2 mg/100 g, the content of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen is 77.0 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus and potassium - 238.0 and 180 mg/kg accordingly. Under the influence of OMF, the agrochemical properties of the soil under wheat and buckwheat crops are improved: the indicators of metabolic and hydrolytic acidity decrease by 0.03...0.20 mg-eq./100 g, the amount of absorbed bases increases to 22.0...22.6 mg-eq./100 g, and the content of macronutrients increases. The use of OMF in doses of 2 and 3 t/ha both separately and in combination with mineral fertilizers improves the crop structure and increases the yield and quality of wheat grain: plant height increases by 5.7...15.8 cm, ear length - by 0.8...2.6 cm, biomass - by 5.5...9.5 g, grain yield - by 0.9...3.5 g/l compared to the control. The protein content increases by 7.03...8.38%. An improvement in buckwheat indicators has been established under the influence of OMF and mineral fertilizers relative to control values - plant height increases by 1.1...14.8 cm, biomass - by 1.0...11.3 g, yield - by 0.3...2.5 g/l. The protein content in buckwheat grain increases by 0.21...1.18%.