Agroecological aspects of the effect of pre-sowing ment of seeds and foliar top dressing on the formation of seed productivity of hybrid clover in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

Purpose. To theoretically substantiate methods for increasing the sowing and harvesting properties of hybrid clover seeds and develop innovative elements of energy-saving technology for growing it associated with feeding seed crops with mineral fertilizers and biological products to improve fixation of atmospheric nitrogen and mobilize macro- and microelements from the soil, reduce the stress state of plants during the growing season in critical periods of their growth and development, as well as providing livestock with highly nutritious cheap herbal feeds. To establish the features of the formation of sowing qualities of seeds, in particular, germination energy, germination capacity, growth force and mass of 1000 seeds. Methods. Field, visual, measuring, weight, quantitative, test sheaf method, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. Modern innovative elements of energy-saving technology for growing seeds of a new adaptive hybrid clover Viliya variety have been developed in the conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe, which provides seed productivity of 275-353 kg/ha, due to improved plant nutrition in conditions of increased soil acidity (pH 4.8-5.2) by applying under the cover culture fast-acting types of calcium (hydrated lime – Ca(OH)2) 0.5 of the norm for hydrolytic acidity and mineral fertilizers N30P60K60, inoculating seeds with the bacterial preparation Rizobofit (strain of the bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii) – 0.15 l per hectare norm of seeds and foliar top dressing in the phase of stalking and budding with anti-stress agent Agrogumat – 0.4 l/ha. These conditions ensured high sowing quality of seeds, in particular, the weight of 1000 seeds was 0.84-0.85 g, germination and growth rate were 95 and 44-46%, respectively. Conclusions. In conditions of increased soil acidity, it is effective to apply high-speed calcareous fertilizers in the form of Ca(OH)2 (slaked lime) 0.5 of the norm for hydrolytic acidity and mineral fertilizers in a dose of N30P60K60 for cover crops (spring barley), in combination with presowing treatment seeds of the bacterial preparation Rizobofit (strain of the bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii) – 0.15 liters per hectare and foliar application twice in the phases of stalking and budding of crops with anti-stress agent Agrogumat – 0.4 l/ha. On average for 2017-2018. this ensured the maximum yield of clover seeds of the hybrid variety Viliya 304-314 kg/ha. The increase in seed yield was 66-76 kg/ha, or 28-32%, compared with the control.