Agroecological Protection of Mango Orchards in La Réunion

Deguine, Jean‐Philippe; Jacquot, Maxime; Allibert, Agathe; Chiroleu, Frédéric; Graindorge, Rachel; Laurent, Philippe; Lambert, Guy; Albon, Bruno; Marquier, Marlène; Gloanec, Caroline; Vanhuffel, Luc; Vincenot, Didier; Aubertot, Jean‐Noël

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90309-5_8

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Yield increased by over 45% for courgette and chayote and did not change for mango (Deguine et al 2015 and. In addition, in-depth ecological studies conducted on functional biodiversity in mango orchards over three years have shown that instead of a few pests and weed species seen in agrochemical orchards, nearly 800 morpho-species of arthropods and more than a hundred spontaneous herbaceous plants were observed in agroecological orchards (Deguine et al 2018). In Reunion, public policies have taken up the torch from technical measures in the field and now offer incentives, with good results.…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated pest management: good intentions, hard realities. A review

Deguine

Aubertot

Flor³

et al. 2021

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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336

104

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Integrated Pest Management (IPM) provides an illustration of how crop protection has (or has not) evolved over the past six decades. Throughout this period, IPM has endeavored to promote sustainable forms of agriculture, pursued sharp reductions in synthetic pesticide use, and thereby resolved myriad socio-economic, environmental, and human health challenges. Global pesticide use has, however, largely continued unabated, with negative implications for farmer livelihoods, biodiversity conservation, and the human right to food. In this review, we examine how IPM has developed over time and assess whether this concept remains suited to present-day challenges. We believe that despite many good intentions, hard realities need to be faced. 1) We identify the following major weaknesses: i) a multitude of IPM definitions that generate unnecessary confusion; ii) inconsistencies between IPM concepts, practice, and policies; iii) insufficient engagement of farmers in IPM technology development and frequent lack of basic understanding of its underlying ecological concepts. 2) By diverting from the fundamental IPM principles, integration of practices has proceeded along serendipitous routes, proven ineffective, and yielded unacceptable outcomes. 3) We show that in the majority of cases, chemical control still remains the basis of plant health programs. 4) Furthermore, IPM research is often lagging, tends to be misguided, and pays insufficient attention to ecology and to the ecological functioning of agroecosystems. 5) Since the 1960s, IPM rules have been twisted, its foundational concepts have degraded and its serious (farm-level) implementation has not advanced. To remedy this, we are proposing Agroecological Crop Protection as a concept that captures how agroecology can be optimally put to the service of crop protection. Agroecological Crop Protection constitutes an interdisciplinary scientific field that comprises an orderly strategy (and clear prioritization) of practices at the field, farm, and agricultural landscape level and a dimension of social and organizational ecology.

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Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated pest management: good intentions, hard realities. A review

Deguine

Aubertot

Flor³

et al. 2021

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

Self Cite

336

104

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“…An IPSIM-mango model is planned. Mango cultivation has been the subject of numerous studies in recent years which have made it possible to develop agroecological practices to protect orchards (Deguine et al, 2018) and to acquire detailed knowledge of orchard biodiversity and food webs (Jacquot et al, 2017(Jacquot et al, , 2019. This innovative model will take into account not only the impact of fruit flies, but also all mango tree pests (insects and mites, phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria), as well as interactions with the main natural enemies which have been identified in mango orchards (parasitoids and predators).…”

Section: Transfer To Usersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative modeling of fruit fly injuries on chayote in Réunion: Development and transfer to users

et al. 2021

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Intensive chayote cultivation in Réunion almost disappeared in the 2000s due to significant yield losses from fruit fly attacks on this historically important crop (Dacus ciliatus, Zeugodacus cuurbitae and Dacus demmerezi). Since the late 2000s, the adoption of agroecological crop protection practices have led to the effective management of fruit fly populations, a significant reduction in pesticide use, an increase in chayote production and plantations, and the development of organic production. To assist in fruit fly management, a qualitative model which simulates fruit fly damage to chayote crops, known as IPSIM-chayote, was developed, providing satisfactory prediction results. It has a user-friendly interface and is now available free of charge online, in three languages (French, English and Spanish): https://pvbmt-apps.cirad.fr/apps/ipsim-chayote/?lang=en. The IPSIM-chayote modeling platform can be used by farmers as a diagnosis to simulate fruit fly damage to their crops and as a decision-making tool for their agricultural practices. The model can be used as a training resource in agroecological crop protection. Public authorities and local government can use it as a tool in planning and forecasting agricultural development. Finally, researchers can use it as a prediction tool and a resource for the exchange of information, allowing them to review scientific knowledge or identify new, relevant research areas suited to the context and challenges. IPSIM-chayote can be considered as a forum for exchange and can stimulate collaborative work between individuals. It is a flexible model, as it allows variables to be added. IPSIM-chayote is the first qualitative model developed for crop pests in a tropical environment. It could serve as a basis for the development of other similar models simulating crop pest incidence, thus contributing significantly to the development of agroecological crop protection.

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“…In the case of Orthops palus and the powdery mildew Pseudoidium anacardii (formerly Oidium mangiferae) fungus in mango, such facilitation is highly suspected in Réunion, although its pathway remains unknown (Atiama 2016;Deguine et al 2018). O. palus and P. anacardii were found to have simultaneously caused damage.…”

Section: Crop Plant Infestation By Mirid Bugs Is Facilitated By Prior Phytopathogenic Fungus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…O. palus and P. anacardii were found to have simultaneously caused damage. O. palus was also absent in 80% of cases when powdery mildew was absent (2387 observations over 3 years; Deguine et al 2018). In addition, a preliminary experiment conducted in a mango orchard showed that sulfur application against powdery mildew slightly adversely affected O. palus, whereas powdery mildew infection was not at all affected by insecticide (Lambdacyhalothrin) treatment (Ratnadass, unpublished).…”

Section: Crop Plant Infestation By Mirid Bugs Is Facilitated By Prior Phytopathogenic Fungus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The co-occurrence of MB and PFO may be due to microclimatic conditions that favor both attackers, which is (along with facilitation) a partial explanation in the case of sorghum panicle-feeding MB and grain mold (Ratnadass et al 2003b). This hypothesis should be tested and possibly ruled out in the case of mango MB/powdery mildew (Atiama 2016;Deguine et al 2018;Ratnadass et al 2019). No general rule can be put forward in this respect since the relationship depends on the MB species (e.g., Ratnadass and Butler 2003), and PFO species (e.g., powdery mildew pathogens being favored by cooler and dryer conditions than those conducive to the development of pathogens responsible for grain mold; Nasir et al 2014;Tonapi et al 2007).…”

Section: Other Potential Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-way interactions between crop plants, phytopathogenic fungi, and mirid bugs. A review

Ratnadass¹,

Deguine

2020

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Miridae is the largest Heteroptera family, with a tremendous worldwide economic impact, both as pests and natural enemies. Unlike most Hemiptera, herbivorous and omnivorous mirid bugs are lacerate/macerate and flush feeders, not phloem feeders. Plant responses to damage by arthropods of this feeding guild therefore occur via jasmonic acid or ethylene signaling pathways rather than the salicylic acid pathway. Moreover, unlike most other Heteroptera that lay eggs on the plant surface, mirids insert their eggs in plant tissues, resulting in oviposition injury. Similarly, regarding phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes, a distinction should be made between biotrophic fungi (triggering the salicylic acid pathway plant response), and necrotrophic and/or hemibiotrophic fungi or oomycetes (triggering jasmonic acid or ethylene pathway plant responses). In that respect, phytopathogenic fungi or oomycetes (PFO) differ from phytopathogenic viruses and bacteria, the former being all biotrophic while the latter are theoretically hemibiotrophic. Here, for the first time, we review tripartite interactions between mirids, PFO, and crop plants. The major deliverables are as follows: Five major interaction frameworks are identified: (i) crop plant infection by PFO mechanically facilitated by prior mirid infestation; (ii) crop plant infection by PFO hampered by prior mirid infestation via crop plant signaling; (iii) crop plant infestation by mirids facilitated by prior PFO infection via crop plant signaling; (iv) crop plant infestation by mirids hampered by prior PFO infection via crop plant signaling; (v) crop plant infestation by mirids and/or infection by PFO hampered by prior mirid infestation and/or PFO infection via crop plant resource quality alteration. PFO and mirids may also occur concomitantly, favored by the same conditions, i.e., climatic or linked to endogeneous factors (e.g., redox status) in crop plant. Instances from each framework are described, and highlighted interactions are examined in view of managing mirid-PFO complexes on crop plants.

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Agroecological Protection of Mango Orchards in La Réunion

Cited by 7 publications

References 69 publications

Integrated pest management: good intentions, hard realities. A review

Integrated pest management: good intentions, hard realities. A review

Qualitative modeling of fruit fly injuries on chayote in Réunion: Development and transfer to users

Three-way interactions between crop plants, phytopathogenic fungi, and mirid bugs. A review

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