Agroforestry: A Way Forward for Sustaining Fragile Coastal and Island Agro-Ecosystems

Dagar, J. C.; Pandey, C. B.; Chaturvedi, C. S.

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-1662-9_7

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A high salinity and high pH limited the growth of vegetation in the coastal salty lands. The salt content of the soil increased with the rising tide and groundwater incursions (Dagar, Pandey, & Chaturvedi, ). The primary goals of constructing a shelterbelt along the coastal tidal flat were to reduce the salt content and pH value of the soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of coastline shelterbelts and assessment of their environmental effects in Yuyao, China

et al. 2018

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There is 18,000 km of coastline in China. It is extremely important to construct coastal shelterbelts as they have a unique and irreplaceable role in the prevention and mitigation of natural disasters and in maintaining the ecological balance of coastal regions. A coastal shelterbelt was constructed near Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province, and three plots (wasteland, farmland, and forest) were studied to investigate the effects of environmental factors on the diversity of herbaceous plants. The environmental benefits were analyzed by field surveys and soil sampling. A total of 31 species from 30 genera and 14 families of halophyte and salt‐tolerant grasses were found in the survey area. The wasteland included 21 species from 20 genera and 9 families, whereas the shelterbelt forest had 19 species from 19 genera and 8 families, with Poaceae and Asteraceae dominating. Moreover, the Sørensen coefficient for the shelterbelt forest and wasteland was 65 and that for the shelterbelt forest and farmland was 55.56. Additionally, the salinity decreased from 0.52% to 0.02% after 2 years, similar to the value for farmland that has been cultivated for decades. The organic matter content increased from 5.1 to 9.5 g/kg, and the total nitrogen content increased from 0.34 to 0.47 g/kg. We concluded that coastline shelterbelts could be successfully established on the muddy coast. With coastline shelterbelts growing, the structure and diversity of herbaceous plants were affected, and the soil conditions were improved. Therefore, the construction of shelterbelt forest would improve the coastal landscape and enhance soil properties, accelerating the succession of herbaceous plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of coastline shelterbelts and assessment of their environmental effects in Yuyao, China

et al. 2018

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“…Different species of salt tolerant trees, shrubs, and grasses have been identified and put to use ( Table 5). Excellent reviews are available in literature on phytoremediation, e.g., Dagar (2014) for inland salt-affected lands, Dagar et al (2014a) for coastal regions and Dagar and Minhas (2016) for use of poor-quality waters, etc.…”

Section: Phytoremediation Of Salt-affected Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Salinity and Food Security in India

Kumar

Sharma

2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

289

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India would require around 311 million tons of food grains (cereals and pulses) during 2030 to feed around 1.43 billion people, and the requirement expectedly would further increase to 350 million tons by 2050 when India's population would be around 1.8 billion. To achieve food security in the country, the attempts need to focus on both area expansion under agriculture as well as rise in crop productivity. Massive urbanization is putting pressure on agricultural lands, resulting in shrinking of land holdings. The possibility of area expansion under agriculture, therefore, exists in restoring the degraded lands. Nearly 147 million ha of land is subjected to soil degradation, including 94 million ha from water erosion, 23 million ha from salinity/alkalinity/acidification, 14 million ha from water-logging/flooding, 9 million ha from wind erosion and 7 million ha from a combination of factors due to different forces. Government of India has fixed a target of restoring 26 million ha of degraded lands, including salt-affected soils, by the year 2030 to ensure food security for the people. Around 6.74 million ha area in the country is salt-affected. Estimates suggest that every year nearly 10% additional area is getting salinized, and by 2050, around 50% of the arable land would be salt-affected. Saline soils occupy 44% area covering 12 states and one Union Territory, while sodic soils occupy 47% area in 11 states. The ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute and many State Agricultural Universities are engaged in studying salt-affected soils and developing reclamation technologies and strategies. Several innovative technologies have been developed and on-farm tested. Gypsum-based sodic soil reclamation, sub-surface drainage of waterlogged saline lands, salt tolerant crop varieties and improved agroforestry techniques are some of the well-adapted technologies in the country. Reclamation of 2.18 million ha of salt-affected soils (2.07 million ha barren sodic soils and 0.11 million ha saline soils) has contributed more than 17 million tons of food grains per annum to the country's food basket, with additional annual income of Rs. 15.5 billion, and employment generation of 2.8 million man-days. Other technologies of management of salt-affected soils, viz. alternate land-use systems, saline aquaculture, cultivation of salt tolerant crop varieties, agro-forestry, phytoremediation, bioremediation etc. have positively impacted food and nutritional security, women empowerment, involvement of landless laborers and minimizing rural migration etc. The ongoing consistent research efforts for the management and reclamation of such soils would hopefully continue ensuring food security in the country. The Government needs to make policies favorable for implementation of reclamation technologies in the country.

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“…Similarly, Salvadora persica, Ricinus communis and Pongamia pinnata yield commercial oils and can be explored economically. Euphorbia antisyphilitica has been found a potential petro-crop producing huge biomass on sandy soils irrigating with saline water of EC 10 dS m -1 [27].…”

Section: Halophytes As Fuel Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, saline agroforestry systems may be an alternative land use option for these soils. This is because some tree species are less susceptible to extreme salinity/ sodicity as compared to arable crops and these have the capability of removing salts and reclamation of these soils [52,53,27]. Some tree species such as Casuarina obesa, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Tamarix articulata adapt to waterlogging conditions by developing root aeranchyma and adventitious (nodal) roots [54].…”

Section: Agroforestry-based Agricultural Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Andaman and Nicobar Islands, being rich in biodiversity, are the veritable treasure house of valuable medicinal, aromatic and dye herbs, trees and shrubs which can be produced organically. There is also good scope for the production of tropical fruits like mangosteen (Garcinia indica, G. cowa), mango (Mangifera indica), guava (Psidium guajva), Sapota (Achras zapota), custard apple (Annona squamosa), pine [27]. Many of these species are salttolerant (Table 6).…”

Section: Land-reshaping Techniques For Coastal Waterlogged Saline Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2018

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Recent trend in climate variability poses a serious threat to sustainability of agriculture, hence food security across the globe especially in developing countries. Land degradation due to salinity and waterlogging, land fragmentation, labour problems and over exploitation of natural resources, further accentuates situation in these countries. Nearly 1 billion hectares of arid and semiarid areas of the world are salt-affected and remain barren due to salinity UPINE PUBLISHERS

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Agroforestry: A Way Forward for Sustaining Fragile Coastal and Island Agro-Ecosystems

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

Construction of coastline shelterbelts and assessment of their environmental effects in Yuyao, China

Construction of coastline shelterbelts and assessment of their environmental effects in Yuyao, China

Soil Salinity and Food Security in India

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