Agroforestry systems of &lt;i&gt;Theobroma cacao&lt;/i&gt; L. affects soil and leaf litter quality

Mendoza, Jorge Alberto Rangel; Parra, Amanda Silva

doi:10.14483/2256201x.16123

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In this study, the nutrients coming from the legume biomass that contributed the most to the naranjilla yield were Fe, Mg, and B. Fe deficiency can limit crop yield and Mg is an element related to fruit quality in the naranjilla crop [46]. The legume biomass incorporated into the soil decomposes and provokes the solubilization of macronutrients and micronutrients, alleviating nutrient deficiency through recycling processes [43,47]. Viera et al [1] mentioned that the yield improves when Mg is part of the complete fertil-ization (all nutrients) of the naranjilla crop, but this element does not limit the naranjilla yield.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Contribution of Agroforestry Systems in the Cultivation of Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense) Grown in the Amazon Region of Ecuador

et al. 2022

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Agroforestry systems allow conservation of natural resources and promotion of sustainable agriculture in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Nevertheless, the benefit of the associated species that are part of these production systems needs to be demonstrated. The aim of this study was to find out the influence on the crop yield, carbon sequestration, presence of earthworms, and the nutritional contribution of legume species associated with the naranjilla (Solanum quitoense) crop in an agroforestry system. The research was carried out in the Palora Experimental Farm of INIAP, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were made up of cultivation systems (agroforestry systems with or without 50% fertilization) and monoculture as a control, with two levels of conventional fertilization (50 and 100%). In the agroforestry arrangements, Gliricidia sepium and Flemingia macrophylla were used to supply biomass. The results showed that during the three evaluation cycles, the yield of naranjilla was influenced by the quality of the biomass added to the soil and not by the amount of synthetic chemical fertilizer that was supplied. The biomass of G. sepium and F. macrophylla provided a greater amount of Mg, Mn, Zn, B, and Fe; elements that contributed to crop yield and the presence of earthworms. The results suggest that the use of legume species in agroforestry systems positively influenced naranjillla productivity, favoring sustainable agriculture in the Ecuadorian Amazon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Contribution of Agroforestry Systems in the Cultivation of Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense) Grown in the Amazon Region of Ecuador

et al. 2022

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“…Therefore, the density of cacao trees appeared to be the main determinant of biomass production per unit of surface area. SOM is widely known to be important for nutrient exchange in the soil environment, as a carbon sink, and for soil fertility and is therefore related to the productivity of plants, notably cacao (Oldfield et al., 2019; Rangel-Mendoza and Silva-Parra, 2020). Furthermore, it is widely known that in a tree and a shrub plantation such as a cAFS, soil fertility is restored over time by the transformation of the litter produced by cacao and/or ATL into SOM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, SOM is widely recognised for its significance in nutrient exchange within the soil environment, as a carbon sink, and for its influence on soil fertility. Consequently, it is closely related to plant productivity, particularly that of cacao (Oldfield et al., 2019; Minasny et al., 2020; Rangel-Mendoza and Silva-Parra, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of shade tree legumes on cacao biomass and bean yields after 20 years of intercropping in Ivory Coast

Silue,

Koné,

Kotaix

et al. 2024

Ex. Agric.

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Summary The choice of tree species planted with cacao trees is essential for ensuring the efficiency and sustainability of cacao farming systems. This raises the question of the long-term impact of associated tree legumes (ATLs) on cacao bean yields and biomass accumulation. This study was carried out in accordance with four-block randomised experimental design in Divo (Ivory Coast, West Africa). The study involved cacao-Albizia lebbeck (Cacao-Alb) and cacao-Acacia mangium (Cacao-Aca) intercrops and unshaded cacao plots (Control). After 20 years of intercropping, we assessed cacao dendrometry (height, circumference, biomass, and biomass C-stock) and production (number of pods per tree and bean yield at the plot level) as well as soil fertility (soil organic matter (SOM) concentration) at various distances from ATLs (D1:0–1.75 m; D2:3.25–5 m; D3:7–9 m). The distance from the ATLs had no significant effect on the measured cacao dendrometric parameters, except for cacao height. In contrast, the Cacao-Aca association had a negative impact on the SOM concentration (−22%), cacao tree height (−6.15%), and productivity parameters (biomass: −12.4%; bean yield: −43%). However, Cacao-Alb and the Control had no significant differences in terms of SOM, tree biomass, or bean production. Intercropping cacao with the tested tree legumes did not enhance cacao productivity and, in some cases, hindered it, depending on the ATL species. This study highlighted the importance of identifying appropriate shade tree legume species that could be promoted in cacao-based agroforestry systems.

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Impacts of cacao agroforestry systems on climate change, soil conservation, and water resources: a review

et al. 2023

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Agroforestry is crucial for improving water quality deteriorated by anthropogenic activities due to the use of chemical substances, including nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in modern agricultural practices (MAPs). This state-of-the-art review aims to revise the influence of agroforestry systems (AFS) on climate change, soil conservation, and groundwater quality. The novelty of this review is that AFS can improve water quality, reduce nutrient loss, and support the biological, chemical, and physical properties of the soil. It is worth noting that the surficial geologic controls, slope gradient, soil types, and topographical conditions are factors that alter a watershed dominated by agroforestry areas. In addition, anthropic aspects, including agricultural practices, can also cause loss of water quality in basins dominated by an AFS area. The novelty of this review also outlines that AFS can be used for the phytoremediation of contaminated soils to reduce aluminum (Al), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd), among others. Therefore, AFS can be used for water decontamination, climate change mitigation, climate adaptation, and soil conservation. More research is needed to investigate the contribution of AFS for soil integrity.

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Agroforestry systems of <i>Theobroma cacao</i> L. affects soil and leaf litter quality

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Contribution of Agroforestry Systems in the Cultivation of Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense) Grown in the Amazon Region of Ecuador

Contribution of Agroforestry Systems in the Cultivation of Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense) Grown in the Amazon Region of Ecuador

Effects of shade tree legumes on cacao biomass and bean yields after 20 years of intercropping in Ivory Coast

Impacts of cacao agroforestry systems on climate change, soil conservation, and water resources: a review

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