Agronomic and morphological characteristics of quinoa grown in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul State

Rev. U.D.C.A Act. & Div. Cient.

Reyes-Ardila

et al. 2022

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) is an Andean crop that originated from the Andes of South America, with great agronomic, industrial, pharmaceutical potential and also a great capacity to tolerate adverse environmental factors. In Colombia, more accurately in the Department of Nariño, Cauca, Cundinamarca and Boyacá. Shows great genetic variation, both molecular and morphological, which organization remains poorly documented. In Boyacá, there are few studies on the morphological characterization of cultivated materials, and there is no certified planting material, with farmers planting a mixture of materials. Qualitative and quantitative descriptors and principal component and cluster analyses were used to characterize the structure of the intra-population phenotypic variation in Blanca de Jericó quinoa materials grown in the Department of Boyacá. The principal component analysis explained more than 70 % of the observed variation, with the AP, LP, DP, LHS, and AHS characteristics being more variable. The cluster analysis showed grouping by characteristics, such as AP, panicle color, and the presence of pigmented axillae. Results show that the variance in morpho-phenological traits was concentrated at the intra-population, due to high variation at the inter-individual level. A more efficient selection process should be carried out to find materials or "pure" varieties with higher yields, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, and adaptation to local conditions, which make quinoa an economically profitable crop in the Boyacá department.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Phenotypic intrapopulation variation in quinoa from the department of Boyacá, Colombia

Rev. U.D.C.A Act. & Div. Cient.

Reyes-Ardila

et al. 2022

“…In addition, these traits were highly variable within the same accessions, that is, there was high heterogeneity in the characteristics associated with these variables. This behavior was also observed in quinoa materials evaluated in the Rio Grande do Sul region of Brazil [ 21 ] and in cultivars of Quinua Blanca de Jericó, expressed in different pigmentations within individuals in structures such as panicles and stems. These variations allow plants to adapt more quickly to environmental conditions [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Phenotypic Characterization of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) for the Selection of Promising Materials for Breeding Programs

Moreno

et al. 2021

Plants

Quinoa is an ancestral crop in the Andean region, characterized by its adaptability to different agroclimatic conditions, great nutritional value, and broad genetic variability. A preliminary approach for understanding the genetics of quinoa materials entails a morphologic characterization, which can provide the basis for the selection of materials that satisfy the needs of farmers and consumers. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic characteristics of thirty genetic C. quinoa accessions for the selection of outstanding accessions in terms of yield and grain quality. A randomized complete block design was used, with nine replications for each accession under greenhouse conditions. Nine quantitative and twelve qualitative descriptors were evaluated with descriptive analysis, Spearman correlation variance, and multivariate and cluster analysis. The results showed that the accessions with heights greater than the average (>176.72 cm) and long panicles (>57.94 cm) presented lower yields and smaller seed sizes, thus decreasing the grain quality. The multivariate and cluster analyses established groups of accessions with good yields (>62.02 g of seeds per plant) and stable morphological characteristics. The proposed selection index, based on yield components and morphological descriptors, indicated four accessions as potential parents for quinoa breeding programs in Colombia.

“…Studies also show a strong correlation between panicle diameter and yield (Hussain et al, 2020); the diameters in this study were between 8 and 39 cm, results similar to those found by Manjarres et al (2021b), where a high diversity is reported at the interindividual level, mainly in the length, diameter, and color of the panicle. Manjarres et al (2021a) reported that although qualitative variables constitute a fundamental tool to determine the adaptation strategies of plants and are used as varietal descriptors (Katwal and Bazile, 2020), in their study these traits presented a wide genetic variability, as shown shows in the different colorations of the striae, axils, panicles and seeds This behavior was also observed in quinoa materials evaluated in the Rio Grande do Sul region of Brazil (Vergara et al, 2020) and in cultivars of Quinoa Blanca de Jericó, expressed in different pigmentations within individuals in structures such as panicles and stems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Interpopulation characterization of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from different agroecological environments of Colombia

2023

Braz. J. Biol.

Chenopodium quinoa Willd. it is an Andean cereal of great importance for human consumption due to its high nutritional value. In Colombia there is a high phenotypic and genotypic variability within quinoa crops, which has not been studied and has been maintained by the same farmers cycle after production cycle. The objective of this study was to carry out an interpopulation characterization of quinoa cultivated in different producing municipalities of the department of Boyacá, in Colombia, for which 19 morphological descriptors were used, which were evaluated in situ in nine municipalities and analyzed through descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, correlation and conglomerates. In the evaluation of the quantitative traits for all the populations, it was observed that the most variable descriptors were Number of teeth lower leaf (DHI), Lower leaf length (LHI), Width upper leaf (AHI) and Number of teeth upper leaf (DHS). Great segregation between and within individuals of Blanca de Jericó and Piartal was observed for panicle and leaf color and shape, stem color, presence of teeth, and axils on upper and lower leaves. A classification key is proposed that allows in the field to be able to morphologically differentiate the genotypes of Piartal and Blanca de Jericó. This research shows that among the most cultivated genotypes in the department of Boyacá, there is still an important phenotypic diversity given at the inter and intra-individual level, due to the phenological state and the agroclimatological conditions of the different producing regions.