Agronomic Efficiency of Phosphorus Fertilizers With Associate Technology in Soy Crop in Cerrado Soil

Abstract

For commercial soybean production, the presence of phosphorus in the soil is essential, not only to increase productivity but also because it affects basic functions in plant metabolism. Phosphate fertilizers have low efficiency in Cerrado soils. For this reason, the use of technologies associated with phosphate fertilizers is important to increase their efficiency in the soil. The experiment was conducted at Fazenda Rio Brilhante in Coromandel, MG. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design in a 4 × 4 + 1 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of four phosphate fertilizer sources (MAPCONVENCIONAL, MAPpol 1, MAPpol 2, and FOM), four P2O5 doses (40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha-1), and the control treatment (no phosphorus application). The soybean cultivar RK8115 IPRO with a plant population of 340 thousand plants per hectare was used. The experimental plots consisted of five planting lines with a spacing of 0.5 meters and a length of 7 meters. In the experiment, phosphorus leaf, morphological evaluation of plant height, stem diameter, number of stems, and pods were measured. For plant biomass, the dry matter of leaves, stems, and pods were determined. For yield evaluation, the calculation of productivity and RAE was compared with MAPCONVENCIONAL. For sources, data were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were separated by Tukey’s rate test (p < 0.05). For P2O5 doses, regression model fitting was performed using the ExpDes.pt package of R Studio software. Morphological assessments responded linearly to P doses, except for DPM. Leaves and pods P content and yield were affected by P dosage and P sources, with a quadratic response to P dosage. Maximum yield efficiency was achieved at P2O5 doses of 122.73; 145.07; 112.03; and 94.71 kg ha-1, with yields of 3818.30; 4064.67; 4089.03; and 3952.63 kg ha-1 for MAPCONVENCIONAL, MAPpol 2, MAPpol 1, and FOM, respectively. However, MAPpol 1 and FOM provided a dose reduction of 26 and 15 compared to the maximum yield of MAPCONVENCIONAL, respectively.

Prospects and strategies for enhancing Phosphorus efficiency in Soybean production in the Nigerian savannah Regions: A review

“…However, though the application of Phosphorus increases the yield of soybeans, on the other hand, the application of surplus quantity will lead to adverse effects on the yield of soybeans (Khan et al, 2020). This position was supported by Soares et al (2021) who suggested that applying Phosphorus (P) fertilizer resulted in a positive response in Soybean grain yield as it facilitated the biological nitrogen fixation process by nodules in legumes, which depend on an ample Phosphorus supply. However excessive application of Phosphorus can restrict plant nodulation.…”

“…Phosphorus is immobile in soil; therefore, plant uptake of Phosphorus may additionally be low in the first year after application (Tehulie et al, 2021). Studies have shown that using phosphate sources with associated technologies increased the soybean crop's relative agronomic efficiency and productivity (Soares et al, 2021). The following should be considered to achieve phosphorus fertilizer efficiency;…”

“…The application of a phosphorus fertilizer showed an increase in agronomic efficiency at 40 and 80 kg/ha P2O5, and the highest values of agronomic efficiency were obtained at doses above 80 kg/ha P2O5. Usage of the appropriate phosphorus fertilizer rates promotes the growth of Soybean significantly(Soares et al, 2021, Tehulie et al, 2021.…”