Agronomic Performance of Different Pea Cultivars Under Various Sowing Periods and Contrasting Soil Structures

Abstract

Yield variability of spring pea (Pisum sativum L.) in farmers' fi elds is mainly due to soil compaction at sowing and abiotic stresses during the reproductive period. Winter peas fl ower earlier, and thus should be less sensitive to abiotic stress at the end of the cycle, but because of their sensitivity to frost they must be sown late in autumn when soils are very wet. Pea breeders are working on new winter cultivars that are more resistant to frost and highly sensitive to photoperiod and that could be sown earlier in autumn under better soil conditions. Our aim was to measure crop growth, development, and seed yield of diff erent types of pea cultivars using factorial experiments that evaluated the eff ect of soil structure, sowing period, and cultivar at two sites in France. Compaction reduced seed yield by 18% at Grignon and 6% at Estrées-Mons, but had no signifi cant eff ect on crop development. November sowings resulted in increased seed yield of about 1 t ha -1 at both sites compared with spring sowings, and were associated with larger numbers of reproductive nodes and seeds m -2 . Cultivars exhibited contrasting characteristics in terms of mean seed dry weight, seeds m -2 , and number of reproductive nodes, but fi nal seed yields were similar within sowing periods. Th e ability of the crop to convert crop growth rate to seed number was independent of environment but decreased linearly with mean seed dry weight of the cultivar. Th is research suggests that pea breeders should develop new winter pea cultivars with earlier fl owering to enhance yield.

Adaptability and Quality of Winter Pea and Lentil in Alberta

“…When considering calendar date, it is recommended that winter pea is seeded by the third week of September in southern Alberta. It is difficult to compare planting date results with previously published work in other growing environments where the range of winter pea planting dates vary from early October to early March in France (Vocanson and Jeuffroy, 2008), from early October to early December in the United Kingdom (Knott and Belcher, 1998), or from mid‐September to early November in the Pacific Northwest and northern Great Plains of the United States (Chen et al, 2006). Despite these comparison difficulties, Chen et al (2006) reported that winter pea must be planted by mid‐September in the northern Great Plains, which is similar to our findings.…”

Development, growth, and nitrogen use of autumn- and spring-sown facultative wheat

“…Furthermore, sowing date is affecting yield quality (Caglar et al 2011). Experiments with sowing dates in two contrasting seasons (autumn versus spring) have been performed for various crops including chickpea (Singh et al 1997;Iliadis 2001;Özdemir & Karadavut 2003), durum wheat (Bassu et al 2010), faba bean (Confalone et al 2010), pea (Silim et al 1985;Vocanson & Jeuffroy 2008), potato (Fahem & Haverkort 1988), sugar beet (Rinaldi & Vonella 2006), and wheat (Ozturk et al 2006;Caglar et al 2011). Generally, higher yields were reported by these authors for autumn-sown crops (except for potato cultivated in Tunisia where spring-sowing resulted in higher yields [Fahem & Haverkort 1988]).…”

“…Contrary to that, knowledge on yield and yield formation of crops grown under the two contrasting sowing times under temperate climate conditions is limited. Results for autumn-and spring-sown pea are available from England (Silim et al 1985) and France (Vocanson & Jeuffroy 2008). Recently, sugar beet trials with these two contrasting sowing dates have been conducted in Germany (Hoffmann & KlugeSeverin 2011).…”

Beheersing van bodempathogenen via bodemgezondheidsmaatregelen : Een overzicht van de beschikbare kennis voor een selectie van akkerbouwgewassen met hun bijbehorende bodemziekten

“…phaseoli te zien gaf. Ook in afwezigheid van bodempathogenen staat erwt bekend om zijn gevoeligheid voor een slechte bodemstructuur, zowel met betrekking tot een verdichte ploegzool als de doorwortelbaarheid (Pabin et al, 1998;Vocanson et al, 2006;Vocanson & Jeuffroy, 2008). Het zou, ook voor andere bodempathogenen waar bodemstructuur van belang is, de moeite waard zijn om na te gaan in welke range van bodemverdichting de problemen spelen, en hoe de aanwezigheid van bodempathogenen hierbij een rol speelt.…”