Agronomic productivity and nitrogen requirements of alternative tillage and crop establishment systems for improved weed control in direct-seeded rice

Pittelkow, Cameron M.; Fischer, Albert J.; Moechnig, Mike; Hill, James E.; Koffler, Kaden B; Mutters, Randall; Greer, C. A.; Cho, Y.S.; Kessel, Chris van; Linquist, Bruce A.

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2012.02.011

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…1). Many field-based experiments have produced results in accordance with the model's predictions (see references within Mohler, 2001d;Gallandt et al, 2004;Anderson, 2005;Mwale, 2009;Pittelkow et al, 2012). However, there are studies that show persistent weed problems in NT compared to CT even after several years (Anderson et al, 1998;Menalled et al, 2001), re-emphasizing that other management factors are important as well.…”

Section: Effect Of Tillage Practice On the Growth And Establishment Osupporting

confidence: 56%

Weed dynamics and conservation agriculture principles: A review

Nichols

Verhulst

Cox

et al. 2015

Field Crops Research

353

299

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a b s t r a c tConservation agriculture (CA) is based on minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotation; it is promoted as a sustainable alternative to systems involving conventional tillage. Adoption of CA changes weed dynamics and communities and therefore necessitates adjusting weed control methods. The objectives of this review are to summarize literature concerning CA principles and their interactive effects on weed life cycles and community composition, briefly review CA-appropriate cultural practices for additional weed control, and identify areas where further research is needed. No-till systems accumulate seeds near the soil surface where they are more likely to germinate but are also exposed to greater mortality risks through weather variability and predation. Assuming no seed input into the system, germinable seedbanks under no-till decrease more rapidly than under conventional tillage. Reducing tillage may shift weed communities from annual dicots to grassy annuals and perennials. Surface residues lower average soil temperatures and may delay emergence of both crops and weeds. Germination and growth of small-seeded annuals will suffer from restricted light availability, physical growth barriers and potential allelopathic effects from surface residue. Crop rotation affects weeds via allelopathy and altered timing of both crop management and resource demands. Rotations should incorporate crops sown in varied seasons (e.g., autumn and spring), annuals and perennials, different herbicides, and/or various crop families. Literature indicates implementing no-till without crop rotation can result in severe weed problems; greater rotational crop diversity results in easier weed management. Additional cultural practices for CA include: (i) selecting highly competitive varieties; (ii) altering planting dates; (iii) preventing weed seed recruitment; (iv) adjusting planting arrangement, densities, and fertilizer placement; and (v) microbial bio-controls. Further research is needed concerning: (i) the interactive effects of tillage and surface residue on weeds; (ii) the use of models and/or meta-analyses to predict weed responses, and to identify intervention points in CA; and (iii) the weed-suppressive potential of longer (4+ years) rotations.

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Section: Effect Of Tillage Practice On the Growth And Establishment Osupporting

confidence: 56%

Weed dynamics and conservation agriculture principles: A review

Nichols

Verhulst

Cox

et al. 2015

Field Crops Research

353

299

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In all study years, the yields for the WS fields were higher than for the DS fields by an average of 1.65 Mg ha −1 . It is not clear why yields were lower in the DS systems as Pittelkow et al (2012) reported that the yield potential between these two systems are similar in this environment. Early in the season when the DS rice fields were being flush irrigated there was no indication of crop water stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Water balances and evapotranspiration in water- and dry-seeded rice systems

et al. 2015

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“…Stale seedbeds reduce weed populations in direct-seeded rice ) and may be especially effective when combined with NT practices (Chauhan et al 2006). Pittelkow et al (2012) reported that NT stale seedbed practice was effective at reducing the population of sedges and grasses, but not for controlling redstem weeds. This practice is very effective in ZT wheat in the north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains (Mahajan et al 1999).…”

Section: Stale Seedbedmentioning

confidence: 98%

Weed Management in Conservation Agriculture Systems

Singh

Barman

Singh

et al. 2014

Conservation Agriculture

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Conservation agriculture (CA) does have several advantages over conventional tillage (CT)-based agriculture in terms of soil health parameters. However, weeds are the major biotic constraint in CA, posing as a great challenge towards its adoption. The presence of weed seeds on the upper soil surface, due to no tillage operation, leads to higher weed infestation in CA, and so far, herbicides are the only answer to deal with this problem. Overreliance of herbicide use showed its consequence in terms of environmental pollution, weed shift and herbicide resistance development in weeds. Growing herbicide-tolerant crops using nonselective herbicides could be a broad-spectrum weed management technique to tackle weed shift, but the same is being resulted in the evolution of more problematic 'super weed'. These observations indicate the need of integrated weed management technologies involving the time tested cultural practices, viz. competitive crop cultivars, mulches, cover crops, intercrops with allelopathic potential, crop diversification, planting geometry, efficient nutrient, water management, etc., along with limited and site-specific herbicide application. The modern seeding equipment, e.g. 'Happy Seeder' technology, that helps in managing weeds through retention of crop residues as mulches, besides providing efficient seeding and fertilizer placement, shows the promise of becoming an integral part of CA system.

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Agronomic productivity and nitrogen requirements of alternative tillage and crop establishment systems for improved weed control in direct-seeded rice

Cited by 46 publications

References 56 publications

Weed dynamics and conservation agriculture principles: A review

Weed dynamics and conservation agriculture principles: A review

Water balances and evapotranspiration in water- and dry-seeded rice systems

Weed Management in Conservation Agriculture Systems

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