AGRONOMIC RESPONSE OF Phaseolus vulgaris CULTIVARS IN AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF “SAN JUAN AND MARTÍNEZ”, CUBA

Abstract

The production of grain legumes is very important for food and should be promoted in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) farming systems little diversified. The research was carried out in soil and climatic conditions in the tobacco locality “San Juan and Martínez”, Cuba, with the objective of determining the agronomic response of four common bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Commercial cultivars were used 'CUL´-156', 'Buenaventura', 'Guamá 23' and 'Chévere', distributed in an experimental design of blocks randomly with four replicas. The crop is established in two sowing times (November 2017 – February 2018 y November 2018 – February 2019), in a Leached Yellowish Ferralitic soil. The agricultural yield of its components (number of legumes per plant, index non-effective legumes per plant, number of seeds per legume, dry mass of the legumes, dry mass of the seeds per legume and the mass of 100 seeds) was evaluated. The productive results showed a differentiated response between cultivars that justify the effect of the genotype-environment interaction in its crop. The average agricultural yield exceeded 65% of the genetic potential in the cultivars with red testa seeds ('Buenaventura' and 'Guamá 23') and white testa ('Chévere'), a proportion higher than that of the commercial production control 'CUL-156' (63.6%). The results of this study showed the possibility of diversifying the production of this legume in tobacco agroecosystems of “San Juan and Martínez” with cultivars of different colors in the seed coat.