Agronomic traits in common bean are influenced by infestation and coexistence with volunteer maize

Abstract

<jats:p>ABSTRACT Maize seeds lost during harvest may emerge and establish themselves during the cultivation of common bean, becoming a problematic weed in succession crops. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the infestation level and interference period of volunteer maize on agronomic traits of common bean. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with four replications, in a 2 x 8 factorial scheme consisting of two maize infestation levels (4 plants m-2 and 12 plants m-2) combined with eight coexistence periods between crop and weed (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 88 days after the emergence of the common bean). Variables related to the common bean vegetative growth (plant height, stem diameter, number of side branches and shoot dry matter) and to its grain production (number of pods per plant, grain yield and weight of 1,000 grains), as well as the period prior to interference, were assessed. The increase of the coexistence period and volunteer maize infestation level negatively affected the common bean growth and grain yield. The densities with 4 plants m-2 and 12 plants m-2 of volunteer maize reduced the common bean grain yield by 60 % and 84 %, respectively; while the periods prior to interference between crop and weed, for the respective infestation levels, were 15 and 8 days after the common bean emergence. In addition, the volunteer maize reduces the period prior to interference to very low values, indicating the need to anticipate the control of this weed.</jats:p>

Wild sunflower interference in common bean fields in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

“…Increasing the weed density of wild poinsettia from 0 to 10 plants per pot was also observed to reduce the weight of cowpea seed by up to 45% (Olorunmaiye & Ogunfolaji, 2002). The high infestation of voluntary maize (12 plants m −2 ) and its competitive ability have the highest effect on reducing the weight of 1000 seeds of common bean grains (de Aguiar et al., 2020). In wheat, as weed density of Malva neglecta and Rumex spinosus increased from 3 to 12 plants m −2 , a 7.4%–10.7% reduction in 1000 grain weight was observed compared to a pure wheat stand (Kaur et al., 2017).…”

“…An increase in wild sunflower density from 0 to 24 plants m −2 resulted in a reduction in common bean pods per plant of up to 62.41% at Adamitulu and 83.11% at Melkassa. The presence of volunteer maize adversely affected the production of common bean pods, with high (12 plants m −2 ) infestation levels reducing the number of pods by 17.20% compared to lower (4 plants m −2 ) infestation levels (de Aguiar et al., 2020). The lowest density of Euphorbia dracunculoides in chickpea yielded 39.4 pods per plant, with a reduction of 0.44 pods per plant for every additional E. dracunculoides plant m −2 , as its higher densities are thought to have lower photosynthetic capacity, resulting in fewer pods per plant (Tanveer et al., 2015).…”

“…where W y is the yield of a weed-free plot and Y wt is the yield in the presence of weeds. A rectangular nonlinear hyperbolic regression model (Cousens, 1985) was used to analyze the relationship between the common bean grain yield (Y) and wild sunflower density (X):…”