AI-Assisted Ultra-High-Sensitivity/Resolution Active-Coupled CSRR-Based Sensor with Embedded Selectivity

Abstract

This research explores the application of an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted approach to enhance the selectivity of microwave sensors used for liquid mixture sensing. We utilized a planar microwave sensor comprising two coupled rectangular complementary split-ring resonators operating at 2.45 GHz to establish a highly sensitive capacitive region. The sensor’s quality factor was markedly improved from 70 to approximately 2700 through the incorporation of a regenerative amplifier to compensate for losses. A deep neural network (DNN) technique is employed to characterize mixtures of methanol, ethanol, and water, using the frequency, amplitude, and quality factor as inputs. However, the DNN approach is found to be effective solely for binary mixtures, with a maximum concentration error of 4.3%. To improve selectivity for ternary mixtures, we employed a more sophisticated machine learning algorithm, the convolutional neural network (CNN), using the entire transmission response as the 1-D input. This resulted in a significant improvement in selectivity, limiting the maximum percentage error to just 0.7% (≈6-fold accuracy enhancement).

A metamaterial based sensor for moisture and density of cereal flours

“…In this regard, Mohammad Abdolrazzaghi et al have proposed certain methods for enhancing the Q values of the metamaterial resonator sensor in the presence of lossy samples which may lead to more accurate results. 43–45 The proposed metamaterial WSRR sensor-based moisture measurement doesn't alter the composition of the sample and there is no need for elaborate sample preparation.…”

Determination of Specific Volume Fractions in Multicomponent Liquids Using Hydrogel-Functionalized Plasmonic Sensors

“…In the field of scientific research, various sensors for fluid process monitoring are under exploration, each at different stages of applicability. For instance, certain electrochemical sensors demonstrate potential as on-site monitoring tools [5]- [7], while others are especially promising for selective determination of individual substances [8], [9]. Micro-wave sensors are suitable for the simultaneous determination of different liquid volume fractions [10], [11], but require complex data evaluation.…”

Microwave Frequency Offset Induced by Subsurface Damage in Abrasive-Machined Semiconductor Ceramic Waveguide

“…Ceramics waveguide components are widely utilized in modern communication and semiconductor packaging systems [1,2]. High-permittivity microwave dielectric ceramics (MWDCs) can significantly reduce the size of waveguide components, such as oscillators [3], filters [4], antennas [5], and sensors [6][7][8], while MWDCs with a low permittivity are more suitable for high-speed, high-frequency waveguides and semiconductor packages [9,10]. The frequency stability of waveguide devices is crucial for all the above applications, especially high-sensitivity frequency-variation systems [11].…”