AI measurement in ICT usage surveys

Abstract

This publication contributes to the OECD's Artificial Intelligence in Work, Innovation, Productivity and Skills (AI-WIPS) programme, which provides policymakers with new evidence and analysis to keep abreast of the fast-evolving changes in AI capabilities and diffusion and their implications for the world of work. The programme aims to help ensure that adoption of AI in the world of work is effective, beneficial to all, peoplecentred and accepted by the population at large. AI

Defining and classifying AI in the workplace

“…In the latter case, workers are unlikely to see the productivity gains of AI reflected in higher wages. 10 In fact, the last two decades have seen a decoupling of productivity and wages in many OECD countries, with wages growing more slowly than productivity. Schwellnus et al (2018[27]) attribute this mainly to technological progress, which means that AI (or certain types of AI) could continue the trend.…”

A portrait of AI adopters across countries

“…Conversely, the French sectoral shares are substantially higher, notwithstanding the fact that data refer to 2018. 29 After considering differences across size, age, and sectors, the analysis provides a first outlook into the role of digitalisation for AI use. Indeed, higher shares of adoption among large firms, to some extent younger ones, and in the ICT sector, may likely reflect, at least to some extent, the role of other digital technologies or capabilities that may be required before getting to AI.…”

“…This is especially true in the case of Israel. The result of Israel may be due to the existence of a wide digital divide across different sectors, with a relevant role of high-tech start-ups driving the shares of AI users in the ICT sector 29. However, the comparison should be taken with caution since the definition of AI in France is different from other European countries, as detailed in Table A B.4 in the Appendix.…”

Using Artificial Intelligence in the workplace

“…Some surveillance software include features leaving very little privacy to workers. For example, some software reportedly captured frequent live photos of workers through their company laptop webcam, displaying them on a digital shared space; others recorded workers' unsent emails or activated webcams and microphones on workers' devices (Gray, 2021[29]; Milne, 2021 [30]). High levels of monitoring where workers are not allowed to look away from a screen for example, or adjust their glassescan make workers feel commoditized (Harwell, 2021[31]).…”