Aibika (Abelmoschus manihot L.): Genetic variation, morphology and relationships to micronutrient composition

Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents, Biological Properties, Clinical Settings, and Toxicities of Abelmoschus manihot L.: A Comprehensive Review

“…A. manihot is mainly distributed in tropical areas, especially Asia and the Pacific Islands. Its flowers and leaves are edible and have medicinal effects, and they have been traditionally used to treat inflammation, pain, urinary infections, and chronic bronchitis because of their anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and wound-healing properties ( Yang et al., 2015 ; Rubiang-Yalambing et al., 2016 ; Kim et al., 2018 ). In eastern Indonesia, the South Pacific Islands, and Papua New Guinea, A. manihot is regarded as an edible hibiscus and is consumed as a popular leafy vegetable because it contains high levels of nutrients such as Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn, Cu, folate, and β-carotene ( Rubiang-Yalambing et al., 2016 ).…”

“…Its flowers and leaves are edible and have medicinal effects, and they have been traditionally used to treat inflammation, pain, urinary infections, and chronic bronchitis because of their anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and wound-healing properties ( Yang et al., 2015 ; Rubiang-Yalambing et al., 2016 ; Kim et al., 2018 ). In eastern Indonesia, the South Pacific Islands, and Papua New Guinea, A. manihot is regarded as an edible hibiscus and is consumed as a popular leafy vegetable because it contains high levels of nutrients such as Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn, Cu, folate, and β-carotene ( Rubiang-Yalambing et al., 2016 ). In particular, in Papua New Guinea and the Pacific Islands, the flower of A. manihot is employed as a staple folk medicine to alleviate kidney pain, lower high cholesterol levels, impede menorrhagia, induce abortions, ease childbirth, stimulate lactation, treat diarrhea, and prevent osteoporosis ( Bourdy and Walter, 1992 ; Puel et al., 2005 ; Prabawardani et al., 2016 ).…”

“…: Hibiscus manihot ; Figure 1 ), which belongs to the Malvaceae family and is commonly called Huang Shu Kui Hua (in Chinese), Dakpul (in Korean), and Aibika (in Indonesian), is an annual or perennial herbaceous flowering plant and an edible form of hibiscus. It is distributed widely throughout eastern Europe and Asia, including China, Papua New Guinea, eastern Indonesia, Nepal, Fiji, India, Sri Lanka, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and northern Australia ( Park et al., 2015 ; Prabawardani et al., 2016 ; Rubiang-Yalambing et al., 2016 ). A. manihot , which has been demonstrated to have high nutritional value for human health, is commonly used as a green vegetable and is very popular in the South Pacific Islands, Papua New Guinea, and eastern Indonesia ( Prabawardani et al., 2016 ; Rubiang-Yalambing et al., 2016 ).…”

“…It is distributed widely throughout eastern Europe and Asia, including China, Papua New Guinea, eastern Indonesia, Nepal, Fiji, India, Sri Lanka, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and northern Australia ( Park et al., 2015 ; Prabawardani et al., 2016 ; Rubiang-Yalambing et al., 2016 ). A. manihot , which has been demonstrated to have high nutritional value for human health, is commonly used as a green vegetable and is very popular in the South Pacific Islands, Papua New Guinea, and eastern Indonesia ( Prabawardani et al., 2016 ; Rubiang-Yalambing et al., 2016 ). In China, numerous health foods have been commercially developed using the roots, stems, and leaves of A. manihot ( Du L. Y. et al., 2015 ; Du L. et al., 2015 ).…”

Morphological diversity and the cultivation practice of Abelmoschus manihot in West Papua, Indonesia

“…It is cultivated extensively and throughout the year in some Melanesian countries for its highly nutritious leaves and shoots tips (Kambuou et al 2003). Aibika is reported to contain high nutrients; especially protein and micronutrients (Westwood and Kesavan 1982;Yalambing et al 2015). Nutritionist (Susan Parkinson) in her personal communication with Westwood and Kesavan (1982) suggested that every household in the South Pacific region cultivate this plant.…”