Aided recall of The Real Cost e-cigarette prevention advertisements among a nationally representative sample of adolescents

Krajewski, Taylor J; Wu, Euphy Y; Zhang, Jonathan H; Noar, Seth M.

doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101864

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…While the Real Cost vaping prevention campaign has primarily been disseminated through targeted digital media, studies indicate that the campaign has had wide reach. 23,45 Thus, the campaign has likely discouraged youth from vaping and perhaps has helped mitigate the increases in youth vaping over the past several years. 2 In doing so, it appears likely that the campaign has also discouraged youth from smoking cigarettes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of our trial extend those of single-exposure experiments and suggest that vaping prevention advertisements can have meaningful effects on youth’s beliefs about vaping. While the Real Cost vaping prevention campaign has primarily been disseminated through targeted digital media, studies indicate that the campaign has had wide reach . Thus, the campaign has likely discouraged youth from vaping and perhaps has helped mitigate the increases in youth vaping over the past several years .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20][21][22] Studies are needed to examine unintended effects, given the widespread exposure of young people to vaping prevention harms messages. 23 In this study, we evaluated the impact of vaping prevention advertisements from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Real Cost national vaping prevention campaign among a national convenience sample of US adolescents. We hypothesized that viewing Real Cost advertisements leads to lower susceptibility to vaping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure to messages warning about the harms of vaping could inadvertently encourage use of other more harmful tobacco products, such as combustible cigarettes, if youth perceive vaping to be more harmful than smoking . Studies are needed to examine unintended effects, given the widespread exposure of young people to vaping prevention harms messages …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Vaping Prevention Advertisements on US Adolescents

et al. 2022

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ImportanceUnderstanding whether prevention advertisements reduce susceptibility to vaping is important owing to concerning levels of adolescent vaping.ObjectiveTo examine whether vaping prevention advertisements from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) national Real Cost campaign lead to lower susceptibility to vaping among adolescents.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsFor this 3-group randomized clinical trial with parallel assignment, participants were US adolescents aged 13 to 17 years who were susceptible to vaping or current e-cigarette users, recruited from online panels. Adolescents were randomized to 1 of 2 Real Cost vaping prevention trial groups (health harms– or addiction-themed advertisements) or to a control group (investigator-created neutral videos about vaping). Adolescents completed 4 weekly online surveys at visits 1 to 4 over a 3-week period. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2021, to August 25, 2022.InterventionsAdolescents saw 3 randomly ordered 30-second video advertisements online at each of 3 weekly study visits (visits 1, 2, and 3).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary trial outcome was susceptibility to vaping. Surveys also assessed susceptibility to smoking cigarettes to examine any spillover effects of vaping prevention advertisements on smoking outcomes. Both susceptibility measures had 3 items and ranged from 1 (indicating not susceptible) to 4 (indicating highly susceptible). The primary analyses compared Real Cost groups (combined) with the control group, while exploratory analyses compared the Real Cost groups with each other.ResultsParticipants were 1514 adolescents (1140 [75.3%] boys; mean [SD] age, 15.22 [1.18] years), including 504 randomized to the Real Cost health harms group, 506 randomized to the Real Cost addiction group, and 504 randomized to the control group. Adolescents in the Real Cost groups (combined) had lower susceptibility to vaping at visit 4 than those in the control group (b = −0.21; 95% CI, −0.32 to −0.10). The Real Cost groups did not differ from one another on susceptibility to vaping (visit 4: b = −0.05; 95% CI, −0.17 to 0.07). Adolescents in the Real Cost groups (combined) also had lower susceptibility to smoking cigarettes than those in the control group (b = −0.21; 95% CI, −0.32 to −0.10). For both vaping and smoking, Real Cost groups had less positive attitudes (vaping: b = −0.27; 95% CI, −0.40 to −0.14; smoking: b = −0.23; 95% CI, −0.39 to −0.08) compared with the control group.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that vaping prevention advertisements from the FDA Real Cost campaign led to lower adolescent susceptibility to vaping and had beneficial spillover effects on cigarette smoking outcomes. Tobacco prevention campaigns can help reduce youth tobacco use.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04836455

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Vaping Prevention Advertisements on US Adolescents

et al. 2022

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“…Following the success of its Real Cost smoking prevention campaign [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed a dedicated e-cigarette prevention messaging campaign largely deployed via social media [ 9 , 10 ]. Evaluations of FDA’s Real Cost e-cigarette campaign have documented high recall of prevention ads in youth, especially those who used social media at moderate or high frequencies [ 11 ] and associations between greater message exposure and higher odds of agreement with campaign-specific beliefs [ 12 ]. Other local, state, and national e-cigarette prevention campaigns, including those developed by Truth Initiative [ 13 ] and the American Lung Association [ 14 ], have not yet published evaluation data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Vaping Prevention Messages on Electronic Vapor Product Beliefs, Perceived Harms, and Behavioral Intentions among Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Villanti

Wackowski

Lépine

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Youth have been the focus of electronic vapor product (EVP) prevention efforts though young adults had similar increases in current EVP use from 2015–2019. This study tested messages to reduce EVP use in young adults. Eight messages on vaping related harms and addictiveness combined with themes on social use and flavors were selected for inclusion in an online randomized controlled trial. Vermont young adults aged 18–24 (n = 569) were randomized to view the eight vaping prevention messages (n = 295) or eight messages on sun safety (n = 274). After completing baseline measures, participants viewed study messages and completed measures on message perceptions and perceived message effectiveness (PME), EVP-related beliefs, and EVP-related harm perceptions. Participants completed EVP-related beliefs and harm perception measures again at 1-month follow-up, as well as measures on tobacco and EVP-related behavioral intentions and behavior (ever and past 30-day use). Intervention participants reported positive impacts on vaping-related message responses. However, findings suggested no effect of vaping prevention messages on EVP-related beliefs, harm perceptions, or behaviors in the full sample. Exploratory analyses in the intervention condition showed that greater PME was associated with lower odds to intent to try cigarettes in the next year at follow-up.

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Adolescent vaping behaviours: Exploring the dynamics of a social contagion model

Machado-Marques,

Moyles

2024

Mathematical Biosciences

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Aided recall of The Real Cost e-cigarette prevention advertisements among a nationally representative sample of adolescents

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Impact of Vaping Prevention Advertisements on US Adolescents

Impact of Vaping Prevention Advertisements on US Adolescents

Effects of Vaping Prevention Messages on Electronic Vapor Product Beliefs, Perceived Harms, and Behavioral Intentions among Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Adolescent vaping behaviours: Exploring the dynamics of a social contagion model

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