AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-really rare in India: A case report and review of literature

Choudhary, Sushma; Parashar, Manoj Kumar; Parashar, Namita; Ratre, Shailendra

doi:10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_4_15

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Aphasia/dysarthria, monoparesis, hemiparesis, ataxia, cortical blindness, and visual field defects are commonly reported. Mental status changes such as confusion, dementia, and even coma are seen (9). This patient had a loss of consciousness, aphasia, dysarthria, and right hemiparesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…We found five case-reports of AID-related PML. Most cases diagnosed with this disease are male and only one case was treated (Table 1) (7,(9)(10)(11)(12). The diagnosis of PML is based on three stages: clinical suspicion, radiological identification, and etiological confirmation by CSF or tissue analysis (9,12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most cases diagnosed with this disease are male and only one case was treated (Table 1) (7,(9)(10)(11)(12). The diagnosis of PML is based on three stages: clinical suspicion, radiological identification, and etiological confirmation by CSF or tissue analysis (9,12). This patient was diagnosed with PML by clinical presentation, PCR for the JC virus in CSF, and brain MRI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy as the First Manifestation of AIDS: A Rare Case Report

Hakamifard

Shayganfar

Khorvash

et al. 2020

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Introduction: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by the JC virus (JCV). Case Presentation: A 47-year-old woman with no history of any underlying diseases was hospitalized at our center with a loss of consciousness and aphasia. The investigation of the patient's history revealed that she had been hospitalized in another hospital a month earlier due to right hemiparesis and dysarthria. Brain imaging was repeated that revealed demyelinating lesions. The laboratory studies showed a positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for JCV turned out positive and the diagnosis of PML was established. Conclusions: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy should always be considered as an important differential diagnosis in patients with demyelinating brain lesions and HIV testing should be considered in these patients, as well.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy as the First Manifestation of AIDS: A Rare Case Report

Hakamifard

Shayganfar

Khorvash

et al. 2020

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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“…It is crucial to address the lack of diagnostic and management services for these patients in India. [6][7][8][9] conclusIon Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare disease that requires support from radiography and clinicopathological correlation for proper diagnosis. Early and efficient diagnosis is highly desirable, and the examination of CSF need not be positive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in an HIV-positive Patient: A Case Report

Gandh

2024

AMEI's Current Trends in Diagnosis &Amp; Treatment

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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare demyelinating disease that occurs as a complication (4-8%) of the John Cunningham (JC) virus in oligodendritic cells. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is characterized by focal neurological deficits that usually show insidious onset and steady progression. Since the demyelinating lesions can affect various areas of the brain, specific deficits differ from patient to patient. Patients with PML tend to have a prolonged course with multifocal neurological deficits, such as ataxia, hemiparesis, aphasia, and visual field defects that may occur with or without a change in mental status. Here, we present the case of an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patient who initially presented with severe headache, vomiting, and generalized weakness, leading to the diagnosis of PML.

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“…PML arises when the latent JC virus is reactivated in individuals with compromised immune systems [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in HIV Patient– A Rare Case Report in India

2024

JCRMH

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PML is a rare opportunistic infection of the central nervous system in the PLHIV Patient. Here, we document a case report where a HIV-positive individual developed Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML), caused by the reactivation of the John Cunningham virus (JCV) (which leads to the infection of the oligodendrocytes in the brain), Who presented to us with the complaint of the progressive decline in both consciousness and movement. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple irregular white-matter lesions in various brain regions which raise the suspicion of PML and the presence of JC viral DNA via the RTPCR in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) confirmed the diagnosis of PML. Hence, we suggest considering PML in these type of presentation as described above in HIV patients. While it is uncommon, Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) can occasionally be the initial sign of AIDS.

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AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-really rare in India: A case report and review of literature

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy as the First Manifestation of AIDS: A Rare Case Report

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy as the First Manifestation of AIDS: A Rare Case Report

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in an HIV-positive Patient: A Case Report

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in HIV Patient– A Rare Case Report in India

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