AIF-1 and RNASET2 are involved in the inflammatory response in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis following Vibrio infection

Parisi, Maria Giovanna; Baranzini, Nicolò; Dara, Mariano; Corte, Claudia La; Vizioli, Jacopo; Cammarata, Matteo

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.010

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In molluscs, AIF-1 expression has been reported to increase after immune challenges, tissue injury, and pollution [53][54][55]. In bivalves, AIF-1 has been reported to act as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, maximally expressed in hemocytes [55,56] and associated with inflammatory reactions [57,58]. In non-injected snails, Pc-AIF-1 expression was not affected during the onset of tentacle regeneration, as RT-qPCR experiments did not evidence significant changes, in comparison with non-regenerating tentacles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clodronate Liposome-Mediated Phagocytic Hemocyte Depletion Affects the Regeneration of the Cephalic Tentacle of the Invasive Snail, Pomacea canaliculata

Bergamini

Sacchi

Ferri

et al. 2023

Biology

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After amputation, granular hemocytes infiltrate the blastema of regenerating cephalic tentacles of the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata. Here, the circulating phagocytic hemocytes were chemically depleted by injecting the snails with clodronate liposomes, and the effects on the cephalic tentacle regeneration onset and on Pc-Hemocyanin, Pc-transglutaminase (Pc-TG) and Pc-Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 (Pc-AIF-1) gene expressions were investigated. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that clodronate liposomes targeted large circulating hemocytes, resulting in a transient decrease in their number. Corresponding with the phagocyte depletion, tentacle regeneration onset was halted, and it resumed at the expected pace when clodronate liposome effects were no longer visible. In addition to the regeneration progress, the expressions of Pc-Hemocyanin, Pc-TG, and Pc-AIF-1, which are markers of hemocyte-mediated functions like oxygen transport and immunity, clotting, and inflammation, were modified. After the injection of clodronate liposomes, a specific computer-assisted image analysis protocol still evidenced the presence of granular hemocytes in the tentacle blastema. This is consistent with reports indicating the large and agranular hemocyte population as the most represented among the professional phagocytes of P. canaliculata and with the hypothesis that different hemocyte morphologies could exert diverse biological functions, as it has been observed in other invertebrates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clodronate Liposome-Mediated Phagocytic Hemocyte Depletion Affects the Regeneration of the Cephalic Tentacle of the Invasive Snail, Pomacea canaliculata

Bergamini

Sacchi

Ferri

et al. 2023

Biology

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“…RNase T2 members are the only ribonuclease family that is widely distributed in all kingdoms from viruses to animals. , Most of RNase T2 members are secreted proteins that participate in a variety of physical and cellular functions. In addition to their conserved function in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and inorganic phosphate source recycling, − some members are involved to plant self-incompatibility, , defense responses ,,, due to their selective cytotoxicity. Moreover, some viral T2 RNases act as cytotoxins to suppress the host immune system. , Several fungal pathogens including the phytopathogens U.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the leach, the granulocyte-released HvRNASET2 triggers bacterial clump formation and actively recruits phagocytic macrophages to elicit a rapid and effective eradication of the infecting microorganisms . In the Mediterranean mussel, the ribonuclease RNASET2 is involved in the inflammatory response that participates in recruitment and activation of macrophages in response to the challenge of bacterial pathogens . The human RNase T2 proteins have been demonstrated to be involved in neurodevelopment and tumor progression and growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 In the Mediterranean mussel, the ribonuclease RNASET2 is involved in the inflammatory response that participates in recruitment and activation of macrophages in response to the challenge of bacterial pathogens. 18 The human RNase T2 proteins have been demonstrated to be involved in neurodevelopment and tumor progression and growth. Involvement of RNase T2 in neurodevelopment may be due to their enzyme activities that clear RNAs to modulate the immune response, whereas the participation in tumor progression and growth control seems to be independent of their catalytic activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two Secretory T2 RNases Act as Cytotoxic Factors Contributing to the Virulence of an Insect Fungal Pathogen

Yue

Deng

Wang

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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RNase T2 members are secreted by several pathogens or parasites during infection, playing various roles in pathogen−host interaction. However, functions of those members in biocontrol microbes targeting their hosts are still unknown. Here, we report that an insect fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana, produces two secretory RNase T2 members that act as cytotoxic factors, which were examined by insect bioassays using the targeted gene(s) disruption and overexpression strains. Overexpression strains displayed dramatically increased virulence, which was concurrent with few fungal cells and hemocytes in hemocoel, suggesting a cytotoxicity of the overexpressed gene products. In vitro assays using yeast-expressed proteins verified the cytotoxicity of the two members against insect cells, to which the cytotoxic effect was dependent on their RNases enzyme activities and glycosylation modification. Moreover, the excessive humoral immune responses triggered by the two ribonucleases were examined. These results suggested prospects of these two T2 ribonucleases for improvement of biocontrol agents.

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“…In the leach, the granulocyte-released HvRNASET2 triggers bacterial clumps formation and actively recruits phagocytic macrophages to elicit a rapid and effective eradication of the infecting microorganisms (Baranzini et al, 2020). In the Mediterranean mussel, the ribonuclease RNASET2 is involved in the in ammatory response that participates in recruitment and activation of macrophages in response challenge of bacterial pathogens (Parisi et al, 2022). The human RNase T2 proteins have been demonstrated to be involved in neurodevelopment, and tumor progression and growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two secretory T2 RNases contribute to virulence of an insect fungal pathogen due to cytotoxicity and activation of host immune response

Yue

Deng

Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The RNase T2 family are ubiquitously distributed in all kingdoms and involved in a variety of physical functions. RNase T2 members are secreted by several pathogens or parasites during infection, playing various roles in pathogen-host interaction. However, functions of those members in biocontrol microbes targeting their hosts are still unknown. Here, two secretory RNase T2 member, BbRNT2 and BbTrv, were found to be important virulence factors in an insect fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana. Although no significant effect on fungal virulence was cause by disruption of either BbRNT2 or BbTrv, significantly decreased virulence was examined in double gene disruption mutants. Overexpression of a single gene or both genes dramatically enhanced virulence, while few fungal cells proliferated in hemocoel, accompanying with dramatical reduction in hemocytes as compared to the wild type strain treatments. These results appeared to be due to cytotoxicity of the secreted proteins or excessive activation of the insect immune response. In vitro assays using yeast-expressed proteins verified the cytotoxicity of BbRNT2 and BbTrv against insect cells, including hemocytes from Galleria mellonella larvae and sf9 cells from Spodoptera frugiperda. Those effects of the two proteins depended on their RNases enzyme activities and glycosylation modification. Moreover, the two ribonucleases could also trigger humoral immune responses, with stimulation of reactive oxygen species levels, as well as phenol oxidase, lysozyme and nitric oxide synthase activities. These data demonstrate important roles of two secretory RNase T2 members in virulence of insect fungal pathogens, displaying prospects for improvement of biocontrol agents.

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AIF-1 and RNASET2 are involved in the inflammatory response in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis following Vibrio infection

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

Clodronate Liposome-Mediated Phagocytic Hemocyte Depletion Affects the Regeneration of the Cephalic Tentacle of the Invasive Snail, Pomacea canaliculata

Clodronate Liposome-Mediated Phagocytic Hemocyte Depletion Affects the Regeneration of the Cephalic Tentacle of the Invasive Snail, Pomacea canaliculata

Two Secretory T2 RNases Act as Cytotoxic Factors Contributing to the Virulence of an Insect Fungal Pathogen

Two secretory T2 RNases contribute to virulence of an insect fungal pathogen due to cytotoxicity and activation of host immune response

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