“…During the fourth industrial revolution, there has been substantial focus on Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which are gaining attention for their ability to gather, analyze, execute, and manage information across various sectors such as healthcare, public safety, environmental monitoring, and industrial operations. , However, the deployment of IoT devices heavily relies on wireless sensor networks (WSN) within infrastructures, presenting challenges due to the scarcity of suitable electric power sources. Therefore, it is crucial to leverage energy harvesting technology for individual wireless sensors to demonstrate self-sustaining, maintenance-free, and sustainable IoT applications …”