Air–assisted liquid–liquid microextraction; principles and applications with analytical instruments

Farajzadeh, Mir Ali; Mohebbi, Ali; Pazhohan, Azar; Nemati, Mahboob; Mogaddam, Mohammad Reza Afshar

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2019.115734

Cited by 101 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Since Assadi and co‐workers firstly proposed the dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction (DLLME) in 2006 [4], different extractants and extraction modes have been developed rapidly in recent years, for example, ultrasound‐assisted DLLME [5], air assisted DLLME [6–8], and solidification floating organic drop based DLLME [9,10]. In DLLME, the trace extractants were directly dispersed into tiny droplets in the presence of the dispersive solvent or under the action of external force, and the extraction equilibrium was quickly reached due to sufficient contact area between extractants and target analytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction based on a new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the determination of phenolic compounds in environmental water samples

Zhang

Xia

et al. 2021

J of Separation Science

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Dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction has garnered increasing attention in sample preparation due to its rapid and efficient extraction process. In this study, a new terpineol‐based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was firstly synthesized by mixing α‐terpineol with 1‐octanoic acid, and then applied to analysis of phenols from water samples by dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that hydrogen bonding was responsible for the formation of deep eutectic solvent between α‐terpineol and 1‐octanoic acid. After optimization of several parameters, such as the type and volume of deep eutectic solvent and the disperser, pH and ionic strength of sample solution, the developed method exhibited excellent extraction performance to the phenols with the enrichment factors from 27 to 32. Good linearity was acquired ranging from 5 to 5000 μg/L, and detection of limits of the proposed method for the phenols ranged from 0.15 to 0.38 μg/L. The recoveries measured by spiked samples at three concentration levels ranged from 81.6 to 99.3%, and precision was found with intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations less than 8.7 and 9.2%, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the phenols in environmental water samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction based on a new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the determination of phenolic compounds in environmental water samples

Zhang

Xia

et al. 2021

J of Separation Science

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“…However, the usage of dispersive solvent in the microextraction procedure causes to high solvent consumption and waste. For this reason, air-assisted liquid phase microextraction methods have been introduced to decrease or eliminate the dispersive solvent ( Campillo, Gavazov, Viñas, Hagarova, & Andruch, 2020 ; Farajzadeh, Mohebbi, Pazhohan, Nemati, & Afshar Mogaddam, 2020 ). One study published by Dikmen et al presented spraying based fine droplet formation liquid phase microextraction (SFDF-LPME) as a rapid and simple microextraction method for the extraction and preconcentration of a pesticide without dispersive solvent ( Dikmen et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an easy and rapid analytical method for the extraction and preconcentration of chloroquine phosphate from human biofluids prior to GC–MS analysis

Bodur

Erarpat

Günkara

et al. 2021

Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods

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“…Chromatographic techniques including GC and HPLC are used for determination of phytosterols. Recently published methods showed that determination of phytosterols should be accompanied with derivatization and as a results GC is preferred over HPLC [15,16]. Direct analysis of samples is preferred, but in the cases of milk and cream samples that have complex matrices this is not possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of temperature‐assisted ternary phase homogenous liquid–liquid extraction with deep eutectic solvent–based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of phytosterols from cow milk and cream samples

Ebadnezhad

Mogaddam

Mohebbi

et al. 2021

J of Separation Science

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A three‐phase homogenous liquid–liquid extraction method followed by deep eutectic solvent–based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction has been used for the extraction and preconcentration of some phytosterols from cow milk and cream samples. In this method, cow milk or melted cream was transferred into a glass test tube and a mixture of sodium hydroxide solution (as fatty acids saponification agent) and acetonitrile (as extraction/dispersive solvent) was added to the solution. The mixture was shaken manually and placed in a water bath. After dissolving sodium chloride and centrifugation, the obtained supernatant phase (acetonitrile) was removed and mixed with ethyl methyl ammonium chloride: phenyl acetic acid deep eutectic solvent at microliter level. Under optimum conditions, low limits of detection (1.6–4.1 μg/L) and quantification (5.3–13.1 μg/L), high enrichment factors (138–207), and extraction recoveries (55–83%), and good precision (relative standard deviations ≤ 6.8%) can be obtained. The method was done on different milk and cream samples and the results showed that total phytosterols level in all samples were in the permitted level established by the National Standard Organization Guidelines, except for three cream samples.

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Air–assisted liquid–liquid microextraction; principles and applications with analytical instruments

Cited by 101 publications

References 63 publications

Dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction based on a new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the determination of phenolic compounds in environmental water samples

Dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction based on a new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the determination of phenolic compounds in environmental water samples

Development of an easy and rapid analytical method for the extraction and preconcentration of chloroquine phosphate from human biofluids prior to GC–MS analysis

Combination of temperature‐assisted ternary phase homogenous liquid–liquid extraction with deep eutectic solvent–based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of phytosterols from cow milk and cream samples

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