Air breathing of the garfish (Lepisosteus osseus)

Rahn, Hermann; Rahn, K.B.; Howell, B.J.; Gans, Carl; Tenney, S.M.

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(71)90003-x

Cited by 100 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Similarly, found that in the cyprinid genus Pimephales increasing temperature raised the POz at which their specimens performed ASR 50% of the time. Several studies of air breathing fish suggest that temperature increases the rate of aerial respiration, not only by raising total metabolic demand, but also by increasing the proportional utilization of the aerial phase , Rahn et al 1971, Gee 1980.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic surface respiration, an adaptive response to hypoxia in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Pisces, Poeciliidae)

1981

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SynopsisAquatic respiration at the air-water interface, herein termed aquatic surface respiration (ASR), is used by the guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Poeciliidae) to meet oxygen demand in hypoxic water. A specific position in which the head contacts the surface and the jaws open just beneath the surface is adopted. ASR is initiated at a PO2 of about 50 torr and the percent time spent rises in a steep, linear fashion as PO2 decreases. Below 4 torr more than 90% of the animal's time is spent in ASR. Males spend less time in ASR than do females. The percent time in ASR increases with increasing size of female guppies, but decreases with increasing size of male guppies. At low oxygen (18 torr) laboratory-born guppies derived from stocks likely to experience deoxygenation spend less time in ASR than do guppies derived from stocks less likely to experience deoxygenation. The percent time in ASR increases with temperature when PO2 is held constant. Acclimation to low oxygen decreases the percent time in ASR.Guppies not permitted ASR die in 6641 h at 14-17 torr and lo-15 min at 14 tort-. Guppies performing ASR survive the duration of experiments at 13-35 torr (13 days), 14-17 torr (96 h), and 14 torr (9.5 h). Activity, courtship, and dive duration in response to a shadow stimulus are all reduced by low oxygen. ASR is an effective alternative to aerial respiration as an adaptation to hypoxic waters, but is probably energetically and temporally more costly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic surface respiration, an adaptive response to hypoxia in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Pisces, Poeciliidae)

1981

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“…Consequently, water-breathing fishes maintain relatively high rates of ventilation to meet their O 2 requirements, CO 2 in the blood rapidly diffuses into the environment, and the excreted CO 2 is diluted in a large volume of water (Rahn, 1966). Thus, air breathers have total blood CO 2 levels that are typically an order of magnitude higher than those of water breathers (Rahn, 1966;Rahn et al, 1971). In cases where amphibious fishes rely on a lung for gas exchange, the relatively low efficiency of this tidal ventilatory system also contributes to CO 2 accumulation in body fluids (Piiper and Scheid, 1975).…”

Section: Co 2 Retention and Acid-base Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Amphibious fishes: evolution and phenotypic plasticity

Wright

Turko

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Amphibious fishes spend part of their life in terrestrial habitats. The ability to tolerate life on land has evolved independently many times, with more than 200 extant species of amphibious fishes spanning 17 orders now reported. Many adaptations for life out of water have been described in the literature, and adaptive phenotypic plasticity may play an equally important role in promoting favourable matches between the terrestrial habitat and behavioural, physiological, biochemical and morphological characteristics. Amphibious fishes living at the interface of two very different environments must respond to issues relating to buoyancy/gravity, hydration/ desiccation, low/high O 2 availability, low/high CO 2 accumulation and high/low NH 3 solubility each time they traverse the air-water interface. Here, we review the literature for examples of plastic traits associated with the response to each of these challenges. Because there is evidence that phenotypic plasticity can facilitate the evolution of fixed traits in general, we summarize the types of investigations needed to more fully determine whether plasticity in extant amphibious fishes can provide indications of the strategies used during the evolution of terrestriality in tetrapods.

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“…T. Gonzales, M. Katoh and A. Ishimatsu lacepedii to extract O 2 from air. The temporal decline in V E during aquatic air breathing is generally attributed to the low gas respiratory exchange ratio (RER=CO 2 elimination/O 2 uptake) through the gas-exchange surfaces in the airbreathing organ (ABO), as shown for many freshwater airbreathing fishes (Abdel Magid et al, 1970;Rahn et al, 1971;Lomholt and Johansen, 1974). On the contrary, some intertidal fishes, especially the amphibious air breathers, have high aerial RER (Bridges, 1993), indicating the efficiency of their ABO not only in O 2 extraction but also in CO 2 excretion.…”

Section: Air-breathing Capability Of O Lacepediimentioning

confidence: 99%

Air breathing of aquatic burrow-dwelling eel goby,Odontamblyopus lacepedii(Gobiidae: Amblyopinae)

Gonzales

Katoh

Ishimatsu

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Odontamblyopus lacepedii is an eel goby that inhabits both coastal waters and intertidal zones in East Asia, including Japan. The fish excavates burrows in mudflats but, unlike the sympatric amphibious mudskippers, it does not emerge but stays in the burrows filled with hypoxic water during low tide. Endoscopic observations of the field burrows demonstrated that the fish breathed air in the burrow opening; air breathing commenced 1.3 h following burrow emersion, when water PO2 was ∼2.8 kPa, with an air-breathing frequency (fAB) of 7.3±2.9 breaths h–1 (mean ± s.d., N=5). Laboratory experiments revealed that the fish is a facultative air breather. It never breathed air in normoxic water (PO2=20.7 kPa) but started bimodal respiration when water PO2 was reduced to 1.0–3.1 kPa. The fish held air inside the mouth and probably used the gills as gas-exchange surfaces since no rich vascularization occurred in the mouth linings. As is known for other air-breathing fishes, fAB increased with decreasing water PO2. Both buccal gas volume (VB) and inspired volume (VI) were significantly correlated with body mass (Mb). At a given Mb, VI was nearly always equal to VB,implying almost complete buccal gas renewal in every breathing cycle. A temporal reduction in expired volume (VE) was probably due to a low aerial gas exchange ratio (CO2 elimination/O2uptake). Air breathing appears to have evolved in O. lacepedii as an adaptation to aquatic hypoxia in the burrows. The acquisition of the novel respiratory capacity enables this species to stay in the burrows during low tide and extends the resident time in the mudflat, thereby increasing its chances of tapping the rich resources of the area.

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Air breathing of the garfish (Lepisosteus osseus)

Cited by 100 publications

References 15 publications

Aquatic surface respiration, an adaptive response to hypoxia in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Pisces, Poeciliidae)

Aquatic surface respiration, an adaptive response to hypoxia in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Pisces, Poeciliidae)

Amphibious fishes: evolution and phenotypic plasticity

Air breathing of aquatic burrow-dwelling eel goby,Odontamblyopus lacepedii(Gobiidae: Amblyopinae)

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