Air change rates in stationary and moving motor vehicles

Ultrafine particle infiltration into passenger vehicles. Part II: Model analysis

“…Regression analyses showed the AER psvOA is a linear function of driving speed (v driving , see the Supporting information S1 for more details). This agrees well with results from previous studies of Fletcher and Saunders (1994) and Ott et al (2008). The sum of the two airflow rates (i.e., Q atvOA + Q psvOA in Fig.…”

“…Experimental studies measuring UFP concentrations at different locations inside passenger cabins also support this assumption (Joodatnia et al, 2013;Ott et al, 2008). Negligible temperature effect on in-cabin particle concentration was also confirmed previously (Fletcher and Saunders, 1994).…”

“…where F rev is the reverse leakage flow correction factor (F rev = 0.65) adopted from a previous study (Fletcher and Saunders, 1994). The F rev corrects Eq.…”

“…Previous studies have found that the air exchange rate (AER) due to passive ventilation (AER psvOA ) is a linear function of m driving (Fletcher and Saunders, 1994;Ott et al, 2008) as follows:…”

Analysis of PM2.5 distribution and transfer characteristics in a car cabin

“…2, to analyze the temporal PM2.5 concentration characteristics. The model was based on the following postulates: (a) the vehicle cabin is a well-mixed zone with a uniform PM2.5 concentration [23], (b) the negligible effect of temperature on in-cabin particle concentration was previously confirmed [26], (c) the filter removal efficiency of the HVAC system was constant, irrespective of time or parti- cle concentration, (d) an assumption that there is no resuspension, coagulation, or other particle phase-change phenomena occurring during the process. This latter factor is justified by the time required for coagulation; it can take a few hours to reach half of the particle number concentration [27].…”