Air Drying Technologies Applied to Buildings Treatment

Suppression of TS-1 Aggregation by Freeze-Drying to Enhance Au Dispersion for Propylene Epoxidation Using H2 and O2

“…22−26 Generally speaking, the traditional oven-drying method leads to the agglomeration of nanosized particles to form large agglomerates, which involves void shrinkage and particle contact by water evaporation as well as bond forming by reactions such as dissolution and dehydration. 22,23,25,27 In vacuum-drying at lower temperatures, the sintering is alleviated because of the lowered bonding rate, but it cannot be effectively prevented because of the existing particle contact and the thermodynamically favorable bonding reaction. 24,26,27 In this regard, the freeze-drying method can effectively prevent nanosized particles from large agglomeration because water is in the solid state and is removed by sublimation.…”

“…22,23,25,27 In vacuum-drying at lower temperatures, the sintering is alleviated because of the lowered bonding rate, but it cannot be effectively prevented because of the existing particle contact and the thermodynamically favorable bonding reaction. 24,26,27 In this regard, the freeze-drying method can effectively prevent nanosized particles from large agglomeration because water is in the solid state and is removed by sublimation. 22,24,28,29 Moreover, ice can stop the particles from moving around and coming in contact with each other.…”

An Innovative System for the Treatment of Rising Dampness in Buildings Located in Cold Climates

“…Few research works currently focus on these subjects, due to the complexity of the physical problems involved (coupled heat and moisture transfers, aeraulics, etc.). Nevertheless, in several European countries, investigations have been carried-out to develop two different solutions: the University of Stockholm is studying the implementation of a ventilated and heated double skin [16][17][18][19], and the Laboratory of Building Physics (LFC) of the Porto University of Engineering proposes ventilating only the base of the wet wall [20][21][22][23][24][25]. These technical solutions involve strengths and weaknesses linked to their mode of operation and regulation, their implementation, their effectiveness or their long-term sustainability: deep changes in the building envelope to create a unique ventilation network for the floors and walls, installation of a 15 W/m heating cable in permanent operation and intervention on both sides of the wet walls, without any guaranteed long-term results.…”