Air emissions and health risk assessment around abattoir facility

Abstract

The study assessed the impacts of abattoir activities on ambient air quality and health risk associated with exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 , H 2 S, SO 2 and NH 3 . Air samplings were done simultaneously around the abattoir at three points for sixty consecutive days (October to November) and standard methods adopted for the samplings and analysis. Health risks associated with exposure to PM 10 and PM 2.5 were estimated, using attributable fractions, relative risk and the excess lifetime cancer risk. The non-carcinogenic risks induced by the inhalation of H 2 S, SO 2 and NH 3 were also evaluated using hazard quotient (HQ). The results indicated that the average concentrations of 18.75 μg/m 3 , 89.17 μg/m 3 and 0.1ppm for PM 2.5 , PM 10 and NO 2 respectively, were higher than the World Health Organization (WHO), National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) permissible limits. Air Quality Index showed that the ambient air quality in respect of CO and NH 3 was very good, moderate for PM 10 and was very poor for NO 2 and SO 2 . It was also shown that 0.32% of deaths from lung cancer, and 0.23% from cardiopulmonary could be avoided if PM 2.5 is reduced to 3 μg/m 3 and while about 0.14% of all-cause mortality could be avoided if PM 10 is reduced to 10 μg/m 3 . In similar manner, at least 0.45% likelihood that an individual in a group of people exposed to PM 2.5 100m away from the burning point may have health issue (lung cancer) than an individual from another set of people that is exposed to baseline concentration of 3 μg/m 3 . All the HQ values exceeded the threshold value, set at the unity, implying that H 2 S, SO 2 and NH 3 are likely to cause adverse health effects in the area. Conclusively, continuous operation of this abattoir within the residential area can constitute a great environmental menace to the residents of the area and can result in complication to those with existing health challenge.

Particulate matter exposure and non-cancerous inhalation health risk assessment of major dumpsites of Owerri metropolis, Nigeria

“…This thus revealed that the PM concentration levels at the dumpsites exceeded the WHO 24hr annual mean maximum exposure limit. On the other hand, PM10 concentration levels in January and August did not exceed the 24hr WHO exposure limits [28]. Both the NNR, TER, AER dumpsites in January and August exceeded the WHO annual mean exposure limit and hence pose a health risk to the residents and occupants within the area.…”

“…The Nigerian (NAAQS) allowable limit for PM10 is 150 µg/m 3 and when compared to the data from this study showed that both OAM and UMR dumpsites in the study months did not exceed the Nigerian allowable limit. Hence, a further health risk assessment was performed for inclusion of possible negative effects arising from human exposure to toxic substances [28,30].…”

Quantification and health impact assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emissions from crop residue combustion

“…According to previous reports, health risk assessment can also be estimated for inhalation contact route using excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) (Wu et al., 201; Odekanle et al., 2020 ). Excess lifetime cancer risk is given by Eq.…”

Nitrogen dioxide hourly distribution and health risk assessment for winter season in low town of Mohammedia city, Morocco

“…The risk quotient represents noncarcinogenic risks (Fenech and Aquilina, 2020;Paraschiv and Paraschiv, 2019). RQ < 1 refers to no possible adverse health effect to the population exposed to pollutant (Brunt and Jones, 2019;Odekanle et al, 2020). The RQ value for ADI and AHI was found to be less than 1.…”

“…Health risk assessment Health risk assessment was performed in accordance with standards (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2013; WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2016). These methods have been adopted in several studies (Bo et al, 2020;Luo et al, 2020;Odekanle et al, 2020;Suman, 2020). Health risk assessment was carried out based on average hourly intake (AHI) and average daily intake (ADI).…”