Air entrainment in hydraulic structures: a review

Ervine, Da

doi:10.1680/maen.148.4.285.40596

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The velocity of jet flow (V j ) at the plunge point was also found to be a factor that dominates the amount of air entrainment. Ervine (1998) expressed this relationship as:…”

Section: Scale Model Approach To Model Stormwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic analysis of vertical stormwater storage systems

Kang¹

2021

Preprint

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A below-grade vertical stormwater storage system is one of the solutions to reduce the volume of sewer overflows released into the environment. The system is submerged most of the time during filling, which can result in hydraulic problems. This research intent to provide some insight on potential hydraulic problems that can occur in a vertical storage system during intense rain events. An experimental study was conducted using a physical scale model that consists of two vertical storage shafts, a horizontal tunnel and an inflow drop shaft. The results showed that both entrapped air in the system and mass flow oscillation in the system can cause a rapid rise of water level, or a geyser, at the drop shaft. The predictions of a modified version of HAMMER compared well with the experimental result while the InfoWorks CS model was unable to simulate vertical momentum in the drop shaft.

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“…The velocity of jet flow (V j ) at the plunge point was also found to be a factor that dominates the amount of air entrainment. Ervine (1998) expressed this relationship as:…”

Section: Scale Model Approach To Model Stormwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic analysis of vertical stormwater storage systems

Kang¹

2021

Preprint

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“…Air entrainment and aeration efficiency of hydraulic structures have been studied experimentally by a number of investigators. These studies were reviewed by Wilhelms et al (1992), Chanson (1995), Ervine (1998) and Gulliver et al (1998). Venturi aeration is another method of aeration that has become popular in recent years.…”

Section: List Of Symbolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigations of air and liquid injection by venturi tubes

Özkan¹,

Öztürk

Baylar

2006

Water & Environment J

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The venturi system creates a pressure differential that forms a vacuum. As water flows through the tapered venturi orifice, a rapid change in velocity occurs. This velocity change creates a reduced pressure (vacuum), which draws air and liquid to be injected into the system. The air and liquid injection rates vary with the pressure differential across the venturi. Typical applications of venturi tubes are for injecting fertilizers, chemicals, ozone gas, air or oxygen into pressurized water systems. In this paper, experimental studies were conducted to investigate the effects of inlet and throat diameters of the venturi tube, pipe length downstream of the venturi tube, diameter of the suction pipe at the throat portion of the venturi tube, angle of the pipe downstream of the venturi tube, flow velocity at the inlet portion of the venturi tube and density and viscosity of the liquid injected into the venturi tube on air and liquid injection rate. It was observed from the results that venturi tubes had high air and liquid injection efficiencies.

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“…A plunging jet is defined as a water jet impinging a receiving pool of water. Large amounts of air bubbles are entrained at the impingement of the liquid jet and receiving body (BIN 1993, ERVINE 1998.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Singular air entrapment at vertical and horizontal supported jets: plunging jets versus hydraulic jumps

Müller

Chanson

2020

Environ Fluid Mech

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In plunging jets and at hydraulic jumps, large amounts of air bubbles are entrained at the impingement of the liquid jet into the receiving body. Air is entrapped and advected into a turbulent shear layer with strong interactions between the air bubble advection process and momentum shear flow. In this new physical study, air-water flow measurements were systematically repeated with identical inflow length, inflow depth and inflow velocity in a vertical supported jet (PJ) and a horizontal hydraulic jump (HJ). Detailed measurements were conducted with the same instrumentation. Both similarities and differences were observed between the two multiphase gasliquid shear flows. Visual observations showed a key difference in the outer region, with a buoyancy-driven flow in the plunging jet with negligible void fraction, versus a strong recirculation motion with uncontrolled interfacial aeration in the hydraulic jump. Differences were also observed at the impingement perimeter, in terms of fluctuation frequencies and amplitudes, for identical inflow conditions. Both flow conditions yielded intense local singular air entrainment and close results were observed in terms of void fraction, bubble count rate, bubble chord sizes and interfacial area in the shear layer, in both the plunging jet and hydraulic jump. The transfer of momentum between impinging jet and receiving water, as well as the effect of buoyancy, were however affected by the flow geometry.

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Air entrainment in hydraulic structures: a review

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Dynamic analysis of vertical stormwater storage systems

Dynamic analysis of vertical stormwater storage systems

Experimental investigations of air and liquid injection by venturi tubes

Singular air entrapment at vertical and horizontal supported jets: plunging jets versus hydraulic jumps

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