Air flow across an alpine forest clearing: A model and field measurements

Miller, David R.; Lin, Jin; Lu, Zhen

doi:10.1016/0168-1923(91)90092-5

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…(lO), (11) and (12) is the parameterized drag force exerted by shelterbelts following Thom (1975), Wilson and Shaw (1977). Several investigators used this method to successfully simulate forest and crop flows (Wilson and Shaw 1977, Wilson 1985, Yamada 1982, Meyers and Paw U 1986, Naot and Mahrer 1991, Li et al 1989, Miller et al 1991. U is total mean windspeed, A(x,y,z)…”

Section: Simplification Of Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SHELTERBELTS ANDWINDBREAKS:Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulations of Turbulent Flows

Wang

Takle

Shen

2001

Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.

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Shelterbelts or windbreaks have been used for centuries to reduce wind speed, to control heat and moisture transfer and pollutant diffusion, to improve climate and environment, and to increase crop yields; but only within the last few decades have systematic studies considered the aerodynamics and shelter mechanisms of shelterbelts and windbreaks. This is a review of recent modeling and numerical simulation studies as well as the mechanisms that control flow and turbulence around shelterbelts and windbreaks. We compare numerical simulations with experimental data and explain the relationships between sheltering effects and the structure of shelterbelts and windbreaks. We discuss how and why the desired effects are achieved by using numerical analysis. This chapter begins with the derivation of a general equation set for porous shelterbelts and windbreaks; the numerical model and simulation procedure are developed; unseparated and separated flows are predicted and characterized; the momentum budget and This article has been accepted for publication by Annual Reviews in a revised form. 23shelter mechanisms are analyzed; the effects of wind direction, density, width, and three dimensionality of shelterbelt structure on flow and turbulence are systematically described.Recent modeling and simulation of heat flux and évapotranspiration also are summarized.Finally, we discuss use of high-performance distributed and parallel computing as well as clusters of networked workstations to enhance performance of the model applied to simulations of shelterbelts and windbreaks.

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Section: Simplification Of Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SHELTERBELTS ANDWINDBREAKS:Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulations of Turbulent Flows

Wang

Takle

Shen

2001

Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.

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“…Wind tunnel models of forest gaps from Stacey et al (1994) (2.06, 3.8 and 6.67 x/h x ) and Novak et al (2001) (10.9 x/h x ) (figure 3.5 a) did not report reverse flow either. These studies are contrary to Frank and Ruck (2008) and Miller et al (1991), who both report a small re-circulation cells in their simulations of a 1 x/h x and 2.5 x/h x wide gaps, respectively. For Miller et al (1991), the reverse flow was predicted below 0.25 z/h x .…”

Section: Horizontal Wind Velocitycontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…These studies are contrary to Frank and Ruck (2008) and Miller et al (1991), who both report a small re-circulation cells in their simulations of a 1 x/h x and 2.5 x/h x wide gaps, respectively. For Miller et al (1991), the reverse flow was predicted below 0.25 z/h x . Wind speed data from field measurements did not support this; although, smoke tracer observations did show evidence of an intermittent rotor (Miller et al, 1991).…”

Section: Horizontal Wind Velocitycontrasting

confidence: 50%

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Numerical modelling of airflow within and above forests and forest clearings using computational fluid dynamics.

Phaneuf¹

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“…For both directions of¯ow, the authors emphasized the sizeable pressure gradients affecting the¯ow near the forest edge (such pressure gradients apparently exert a large in¯uence on the¯ow in our periodic cutblocks). The LLM model was later applied by Miller et al (1991) to simulate forest clearings.…”

Section: Simulations Of Forest Edge Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind and remnant tree sway in forest cutblocks. II. Relating measured tree sway to wind statistics

Flesch

Wilson

1999

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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Root-mean-square tree sway angle (' ) can be related to the r.m.s. value (' u|u| ) of the wind`force' u|u|, speci®ed nearby. Therefore the spatial pattern of wind statistics over the landscape, if known, arguably maps the relative risk of windthrow ± suggesting a wind model can provide the basis to interpret spatial patterns of windthrow, and guide strategies with respect to that concern. To test this idea, we adopt a simple¯ow model able to describe both the mean wind (U) and kinetic energy of the turbulence (k), viz. Reynolds' equations closed using eddy-viscosity K G !k 1a2 , where ! is the turbulence lengthscale. We ®rst compare this model with others' measurements of wind near forest edges, then simulate our own observations, which spanned arrays of cutblocks and intervening forest blocks in the Boreal forest (periodic spacing 1.7h or 6.1h, where h is mean tree height). We show that the model predicts well the spatial variation of the mean windspeed and turbulent kinetic energy, these being the wind statistics having greatest impact upon tree sway. Model-implied spatial patterns of r.m.s. wind force (' u|u| ) agree closely with those observed, and in conjunction with a tree-motion model, imply tree sway (' ). #

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Air flow across an alpine forest clearing: A model and field measurements

Cited by 28 publications

References 10 publications

SHELTERBELTS ANDWINDBREAKS:Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulations of Turbulent Flows

SHELTERBELTS ANDWINDBREAKS:Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulations of Turbulent Flows

Numerical modelling of airflow within and above forests and forest clearings using computational fluid dynamics.

Wind and remnant tree sway in forest cutblocks. II. Relating measured tree sway to wind statistics

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