Air fluorescence relevant for cosmic-ray detection—Review of pioneering measurements

Arqueros, F.; Hörandel, J. R.; Keilhauer, B.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2008.08.055

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…15) whose "age" parameter describing their stage of development is derived from X max and whose normalizations are given by the primary energy and the muon fraction. This universality property was recently discussed in (Chou et al, 2005) and studied in (Apel et al, 2008;Giller et al, 2004;Nerling et al, 2006;Schmidt et al, 2007Schmidt et al, , 2008.…”

Section: Main Features Used For Composition Studiesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Ultrahigh energy cosmic rays

2011

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This is a review of the most resent results from the investigation of the Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays, particles of energy exceeding 10 18 eV. After a general introduction to the topic and a brief review of the lower energy cosmic rays and the detection methods, the two most recent experiments, the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) and the Southern Auger Observatory are described. We then concentrate on the results from these two experiments on the cosmic ray energy spectrum, the chemical composition of these cosmic rays and on the searches for their sources. We conclude with a brief analysis of the controversies in these results and the projects in development and construction that can help solve the remaining problems with these particles. CONTENTS

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Section: Main Features Used For Composition Studiesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Ultrahigh energy cosmic rays

2011

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“…The case of fluorescence light is more complex, not only because it is necessary to consider additional weather effects on the light yield, but also due to the fact that several of these effects can be determined only by difficult experimental measurements (see [26][27][28][29] and references in [30]). One well-known effect of the weather on light production is the collisional quenching of fluorescence emission, in which the radiative transitions of excited nitrogen molecules are suppressed by molecular collisions.…”

Section: The Effect Of Weather On Light Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the effect of molecular and aerosol conditions in the atmosphere on air fluorescence measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Abraham

Abreu

Aglietta

et al. 2010

Astroparticle Physics

131

133

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a b s t r a c tThe air fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to perform calorimetric measurements of extensive air showers created by cosmic rays of above 10 18 eV. To correct these measurements for the effects introduced by atmospheric fluctuations, the Observatory contains a group of monitoring instruments to record atmospheric conditions across the detector site, an area exceeding 3000 km 2 . The atmospheric data are used extensively in the reconstruction of air showers, and are particularly important for the correct determination of shower energies and the depths of shower maxima. This paper contains a summary of the molecular and aerosol conditions measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory since the start of regular operations in 2004, and includes a discussion of the impact of these measurements on air shower reconstructions. Between 10 18 and 10 20 eV, the systematic uncertainties due to all atmospheric effects increase from 4% to 8% in measurements of shower energy, and 4 g cm À2to 8 g cm À2 in measurements of the shower maximum.

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“…Only recently the methods for detection of coherent MHz radiation from extensive air showers as well as the understanding of the underlying emission physics have been strongly improved, reaching important milestones [1]. A precise reconstruction of both the primary energy and the depth of the shower maximum (X max ) of air showers is a fundamental goal for modern radio detection, which aims to become competitive and complementary to the already well-established fluorescence and Cherenkov detection techniques, limited, in contrast to the radio technique, to a low duty cycle [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of the energy and depth of maximum of cosmic-ray air showers from LOPES radio measurements

Apel¹,

Arteaga‐Velázquez²,

Bähren³

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. D

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LOPES is a digital radio interferometer located at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany, that measures radio emission from extensive air showers at MHz frequencies in coincidence with KASCADE-Grande. In this article, we explore a method (slope method) that leverages the slope of the measured radio lateral distribution to reconstruct crucial attributes of primary cosmic rays. First, we present an investigation of the method on the basis of pure simulations. Second, we directly apply the slope method to LOPES measurements. Applying the slope method to simulations, we obtain uncertainties on the reconstruction of energy and depth of shower maximum (X max ) of 13% and 50 g=cm 2 , respectively. Applying it to LOPES measurements, we are able to reconstruct energy and X max of individual events with upper limits on the precision of 20%-25% for the primary energy and 95 g=cm 2 for X max , despite strong human-made noise at the LOPES site.

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Air fluorescence relevant for cosmic-ray detection—Review of pioneering measurements

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Ultrahigh energy cosmic rays

Ultrahigh energy cosmic rays

A study of the effect of molecular and aerosol conditions in the atmosphere on air fluorescence measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Reconstruction of the energy and depth of maximum of cosmic-ray air showers from LOPES radio measurements

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