Air-Lake Interaction Features Found in Heat and Water Exchanges over Nam Co on the Tibetan Plateau

Haginoya, Shigenori; Fujii, Hideyuki; Kuwagata, Tsuneo; Jian, Xu; Ishigooka, Yasushi; Kang, Shichang; Zhang, Yongjun

doi:10.2151/sola.2009-044

Cited by 62 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Consequently, fluxes over lake surfaces on the Tibetan Plateau should not be neglected since various studies have shown the contribution of lakes to the regional energy balance and water cycle in different catchments around the world (Rouse et al 2005;Nordbo et al 2011). Until now, estimations of evaporation over lake surfaces on the Tibetan Plateau have been modelled using remote sensing or land surface observations as forcing Haginoya et al 2009), whereas no direct measurements of turbulent fluxes over a lake surface have been conducted so far. The installation of a flux station in a lake on the Tibetan Plateau is nearly impossible, due to problems of accessibility, strong winds and waves during the summer, as well as ice cover during winter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulent flux observations and modelling over a shallow lake and a wet grassland in the Nam Co basin, Tibetan Plateau

Biermann

Babel

et al. 2013

Theor Appl Climatol

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The Tibetan Plateau plays an important role in the global water cycle and is strongly influenced by climate change. While energy and matter fluxes have been more intensely studied over land surfaces, a large proportion of lakes have either been neglected or parameterised with simple bulk approaches. Therefore, turbulent fluxes were measured over wet grassland and a shallow lake with a single eddy-covariance complex at the shoreline in the Nam Co basin in summer 2009. Footprint analysis was used to split observations according to the underlying surface, and two sophisticated surface models were utilised to derive gap-free time series. Results were then compared with observations and simulations from a nearby eddy-covariance station over dry grassland, yielding pronounced differences. Observations and footprint integrated simulations compared well, even for situations with flux contributions including grassland and lake. The accessibility problem for EC measurements on lakes can be overcome by combining standard meteorological measurements at the shoreline with model simulations, only requiring representative estimates of lake surface temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulent flux observations and modelling over a shallow lake and a wet grassland in the Nam Co basin, Tibetan Plateau

Biermann

Babel

et al. 2013

Theor Appl Climatol

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“…Figure 10a shows the relation between non-dimensional annual evaporation and annual mean temperature. The plotted data are taken from Yamamoto et al (1972), j;Morton (1976), s;Haginoya et al (2009), C; and the present study, Y. No systematic shift is observed.…”

Section: B Long-term Heat Balancementioning

confidence: 75%

“…The heat and water balance over a lake surface has di¤erent features from a land surface (Blanken et al 2003;Gianniou and Antonopoulos 2007;Xu et al 2009;Haginoya et al 2009). Lakes are also important as water resources (Hounam 1973;Momii and Ito 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xu et al (2009) recently found that the amount of evaporation and its long-term change over Yamdrok Yumtso (one of the three largest lakes of the central Tibetan Plateau) are quite di¤erent from those over the land surface during the monsoon period. Haginoya et al (2009) found that latent and sensible heat fluxes from Nam Co (the largest and deepest lake of the central Tibetan Plateau) are small from spring to summer and larger from fall to early winter. Whereas the land surface of the Tibetan Plateau supplies heat energy to the atmosphere during the pre-monsoon and monsoon periods (Xu and Haginoya 2001;Xu et al 2005a), a deep lake such as Nam Co releases a large amount of heat in the post-monsoon period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a part of the water cycle, lake evaporation has been estimated for many lakes around the world in order to enable appropriate management of water resources, e‰cient use of water, and improved understanding of the e¤ect of climate change on regional energy balances (Yamamoto et al 1972;Morton 1976;Tasumi 2005;Croley 2005;Gianniou and Antonopoulos 2007;Xu et al 2009;Haginoya et al 2009). Previous studies have elucidated the characteristics of lake heat balance (Tasumi 2005;Yamamoto et al 1972); the thermophysical properties of lake and land surfaces di¤er mainly in that a lake consists of water (fluid) and water is transparent to visible light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Features of Air-Lake Interaction in Heat and Water Exchanges over Erhai Lake

Haginoya

Fujii

Sun

et al. 2012

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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This paper presents the characteristics of air-lake-land interactions, which arise from the di¤erent thermal properties of lake and land surfaces, as observed at Erhai Lake in Yunnan Province, China. The heat balance over the lake was estimated by using data on the lake surface obtained from the Erhai automatic weather station and solving the surface heat balance equation (HBE) for a mixed layer. Meteorological station data were also used to estimate the long-term heat balance. The surface temperature from in situ observations was compared with that from satellite observations, and the two results were found to be in reasonably good agreement. The satellite data were used to validate the heat balance calculation. The mixed layer depth of Erhai Lake was 6 m in 2008 and 8 m from 2003 to 2008. Lake heat storage showed large annual variation of 50 W m À2 in amplitude, with a maximum from March to April and a minimum in November. The phases of the latent heat, the sensible heat, and the di¤erence between surface and air temperatures tended to be delayed on the lake as compared with the land. The phase lag in the seasonal variation of evaporation was found to clearly depend on lake depth. The daily change in convection over the lake-land system was greatest in the daytime over the mountainous area and in the nighttime over the lake area. These features arose from di¤erences in the thermal properties of the lake and land surfaces. Non-dimensional evaporation increased with increasing annual mean air temperature, and there was no systematic di¤erence between regions. Nearly 92% of solar radiation was absorbed by the lake within a depth of 2 m. From this finding, the daily range of the lake's surface temperature was quantitatively determined to be about 5 C.

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Uncertainty in atmospheric profiles and its impact on modeled convection development at Nam Co Lake, Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2013

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[1] This work investigates the influence of atmospheric temperature and relative humidity profiles obtained from radio soundings, NCEP-I and ERA-Int reanalysis and GFS-FNL analysis data on the simulated evolution of clouds and convection at Nam Co Lake on the Tibetan Plateau. In addition to differences in moisture, the initial atmospheric profiles exhibit considerable differences in near-surface temperatures that affect vertical stability. Our analysis is carried out during 2 days in summer 2012 using a 2-D high-resolution modeling approach with a fully interactive surface model so that surface fluxes react to changes in cloud cover. Modeled convection for the radio-sounding profile compares reasonably well with weather observations for the first day, but less well for the second day, when large-scale synoptic effects, not included in the model, become more important. The choice of vertical profile information leads to strongly differing convection development, translating into modifications of the surface energy balance and of the energy and water cycle for the basin. There are strong differences spanning one order of magnitude in the generated precipitation between the model simulations driven by different vertical profiles. This highlights the importance of correct and high-resolution vertical profiles for model initialization.

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Air-Lake Interaction Features Found in Heat and Water Exchanges over Nam Co on the Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 62 publications

References 18 publications

Turbulent flux observations and modelling over a shallow lake and a wet grassland in the Nam Co basin, Tibetan Plateau

Turbulent flux observations and modelling over a shallow lake and a wet grassland in the Nam Co basin, Tibetan Plateau

Features of Air-Lake Interaction in Heat and Water Exchanges over Erhai Lake

Uncertainty in atmospheric profiles and its impact on modeled convection development at Nam Co Lake, Tibetan Plateau

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