“…Of the 37 electives identified, a total of 27 studies employed surveys to assess student impressions of the elective ( 13 – 22 , 24 – 32 , 36 , 37 , 39 – 42 , 44 , 45 , 47 – 49 ) . Fifteen of the electives used quantitative objective assessments, such as knowledge exams, residency placement results, and validated quantitative scoring rubrics ( 11 , 12 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 24 , 31 – 33 , 35 , 40 , 41 , 44 , 45 ).…”