Air Medical Transportation of Injured Operational Canines

Hogan, Chelsea; Nesbit, Chadd E.

doi:10.1016/j.amj.2018.09.005

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In framing the results of the current analysis in context of the current evidence, a previously published map of approaches of all 51 jurisdictions with regard to VEMS OpK9 legislation and protocols was unable to be found. There is, however, a growing evidence base defining OpK9, 2,10 describing deployment and injuries, 1,6,9,11 and outlining best-practices protocols. 3,4,7,8 While a number of OpK9 animals is not known with precision, it is estimated that there are approximately 50,000 deployed in various law enforcement and The results of this study indicate a need for collaborative discussion and detailed expert assessment by all stakeholders (eg, EMS providers, OpK9 law enforcement officers, veterinarians, prehospital training experts, and regulatory authorities).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laws may cover care and transport, or they may cover just one phase of the VEMS interaction. Transport, which may even occur by helicopter, 6 is an integral part of OpK9 trauma care. 8 Other potentially important areas of difference (eg, training and tort protection) emphasize the limitation that not all VEMS laws are equal.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5] More recently, review articles and case series have continued to highlight the importance of considering OpK9 LOD injuries. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Heightened clinical awareness of OpK9 injuries has only partially translated to state-level EMS regulatory and legislative guidance. Variation in state jurisdictions' approach to OpK9 issues gave rise to the current project.…”

Section: Introduction and Study Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3–5 More recently, review articles and case series have continued to highlight the importance of considering OpK9 LOD injuries. 6–11…”

Section: Introduction and Study Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nation-Wide Variation in Presence of Legislation or Protocols for EMS Care of Operational Canines

Schoenfeld,

Thomas,

Palmer

et al. 2024

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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Background & Aims: Deployment of law enforcement operational canines (OpK9s) risks injuries to the animals. This study’s aim was to assess the current status of states’ OpK9 (veterinary Emergency Medical Services [VEMS]) laws and care protocols within the United States. Methods: Cross-sectional standardized review of state laws/regulations and OpK9 VEMS treatment protocols was undertaken. For each state and for the District of Columbia (DC), the presence of OpK9 legislation and/or care protocols was ascertained. Information was obtained through governmental records and from stakeholders (eg, state EMS medical directors and state veterinary boards). The main endpoints were proportions of states with OpK9 laws and/or treatment protocols. Proportions are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Fisher’s exact test (P <.05) assessed whether presence of an OpK9 law in a given jurisdiction was associated with presence of an OpK9 care protocol, and whether there was geographic variation (based on United States Census Bureau regions) in presence of OpK9 laws or protocols. Results: Of 51 jurisdictions, 20 (39.2%) had OpK9 legislation and 23 (45.1%) had state-wide protocols for EMS treatment of OpK9s. There was no association (P = .991) between presence of legislation and presence of protocols. There was no association (P = .144) between presence of legislation and region: Northeast 66.7% (95% CI, 29.9-92.5%), Midwest 50.0% (95% CI, 21.1-78.9%), South 29.4% (95% CI, 10.3-56.0%), and West 23.1% (95% CI, 5.0-53.8%). There was significant (P = .001) regional variation in presence of state-wide OpK9 treatment protocols: Northeast 100.0% (95% CI, 66.4-100.0%), Midwest 16.7% (95% CI, 2.1-48.4%), South 47.1% (95% CI, 23.0-72.2%), and West 30.8% (95% CI, 9.1-61.4%). Conclusion: There is substantial disparity with regard to presence of OpK9 legal and/or clinical guidance. National collaborative guidelines development is advisable to optimize and standardize care of OpK9s. Additional attention should be paid to educational and training programs to best utilize the limited available training budgets.

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