“…Because of the high capacity to retain electrical charge, active polymer nanofibers have been used as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) materials to develop energy harvesting air filters [ [247] , [248] , [249] , [250] ]. So far, several Respiration-driven TENGs (R-TENGs) designed with polymer-based electrospun nanofibers, including PVDF, PI, and PAN, have provided an effective electrostatic adsorption of submicron particles by harvesting electrical energy from human breathing [ [251] , [252] , [253] , [254] ]. The triboelectrification mechanism behind a R-TENG is based mainly on the contact-separation mode occurring between two different materials, showing distinct electron affinity [ 255 ].…”
Section: The Use Of Electrospun Nanofibers In Surgical Mask and Respi...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…with PVDF electrospun membrane and cellulose aerogel/MOF (CA/Ni-HITP) composite is reported in Fig. 10 a, b [ 251 ]. Fig.…”
Section: The Use Of Electrospun Nanofibers In Surgical Mask and Respi...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 10 (a) Self-powered air filter for respiratory monitoring and removal of submicron particles; (b) schematic diagram of the triboelectric effect of R-TENG; (c) short-circuit current and transferred charges of R-TENG before and after in situ growth of conducting metal organic- framework (Ni-HITP); (d) a comparison of PM removal efficiencies of commercial mask, CA, CA/Ni-HITP, CA/Ni-HITP+PVDF and self-powered air filter obtained at different submicron particle sizes; adapted with permission from [ 251 ]. …”
Section: The Use Of Electrospun Nanofibers In Surgical Mask and Respi...mentioning
“…Because of the high capacity to retain electrical charge, active polymer nanofibers have been used as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) materials to develop energy harvesting air filters [ [247] , [248] , [249] , [250] ]. So far, several Respiration-driven TENGs (R-TENGs) designed with polymer-based electrospun nanofibers, including PVDF, PI, and PAN, have provided an effective electrostatic adsorption of submicron particles by harvesting electrical energy from human breathing [ [251] , [252] , [253] , [254] ]. The triboelectrification mechanism behind a R-TENG is based mainly on the contact-separation mode occurring between two different materials, showing distinct electron affinity [ 255 ].…”
Section: The Use Of Electrospun Nanofibers In Surgical Mask and Respi...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…with PVDF electrospun membrane and cellulose aerogel/MOF (CA/Ni-HITP) composite is reported in Fig. 10 a, b [ 251 ]. Fig.…”
Section: The Use Of Electrospun Nanofibers In Surgical Mask and Respi...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 10 (a) Self-powered air filter for respiratory monitoring and removal of submicron particles; (b) schematic diagram of the triboelectric effect of R-TENG; (c) short-circuit current and transferred charges of R-TENG before and after in situ growth of conducting metal organic- framework (Ni-HITP); (d) a comparison of PM removal efficiencies of commercial mask, CA, CA/Ni-HITP, CA/Ni-HITP+PVDF and self-powered air filter obtained at different submicron particle sizes; adapted with permission from [ 251 ]. …”
Section: The Use Of Electrospun Nanofibers In Surgical Mask and Respi...mentioning
“…Using cellulose-based triboelectric nanogenerator technology, a face mask was constructed that effectively filtered PM1.0, PM 0.5, and PM0.3 with high filtration efficiency of 98.4%, 97.3%, and 95.0%, while maintaining a low pressure drop of 86.0 Pa. This face mask contained a self-powered cellulosic triboelectric air filter that was driven by the wearer's respiration (Fu et al 2022).…”
The filtration of air has attracted increasing attention during recent waves of viral infection. This review considers published literature regarding the usage of cellulose-based materials in air filtration devices, including face masks. Theoretical aspects are reviewed, leading to models that can be used to predict the relationship between structural features of air filter media and the collection efficiency for different particle size classes of airborne particulates. Collection of particles can be understood in terms of an interception mechanism, which is especially important for particles smaller than about 300 nm, and a set of deterministic mechanisms, which become important for larger particles. The effective usage of cellulosic material in air filtration requires the application of technologies including pulp refining and chemical treatments with such additives as wet-strength agents and hydrophobic sizing agents. By utilization of high levels of refining, in combination with freeze drying and related approaches, there are opportunities to achieve high levels of interception of fine particles. A bulky layer incorporating nanofibrillated cellulose can be used in combination with a coarser ply to achieve needed strength in a filter medium. Results of recent research show a wide range of development opportunities for diverse air filter devices containing cellulose.
With the vigorous development of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, the active sensing system based on triboelectric nanogenerators plays an excellent performance potential and application value as a pioneering technology for smart manufacturing. Nevertheless, achieving material innovation to strike a good balance between active sensing systems and environmental friendliness remains a difficult task. As the most abundant biopolymer on earth, the sustainability potential and excellent performance of cellulose are of great importance for the development of smart sensing systems. This review intends to provide a new perspective on the sustainability of smart active sensing systems to design and fabricate cellulosic triboelectric materials for self-powered sensing systems. Herein, the structure and advantageous properties of cellulosic triboelectric materials are briefly described. Furthermore, the structure-property-application relationship of the materials is addressed from the perspective of material design and structure optimization. Next, the latest applications of cellulose triboelectric materials are comprehensively described in smart sensing fields such as environmental monitoring, smart home, smart medical, human-machine interaction, and the Internet of everything. Lastly, the current challenges and future developments of cellulose triboelectric materials for smart sensor systems are presented.
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