Air pollutant emissions from Piraeus port: External costs and air quality levels

Progiou, Athena; Bakeas, Evangelos; Evangelidou, E.; Kontogiorgi, C.; Lagkadinou, E.; Sebos, Ioannis

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2020.102586

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…While this pattern was repeated to a certain extent for BC ff , there was also an enhancement for winds from the port sector, related to vehicular and shipping emissions. This pattern can be more readily understood by the comparison with wind plots of NO x (enhancement for low winds of the northeast sector, twice a day) and SO 2 (an indicator of shipping emissions, presenting large enhancements for flows from the port sector to the west, which intensify around midday [94]). The patterns observed for BC ff and NO x , with wind-dependence indicative of traffic, port activity and residential heating, were reproduced also by OA [35].…”

Section: Winter Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Chemical Characterization and Sources of Submicron Aerosol in the Major Mediterranean Port City of Piraeus, Greece

et al. 2021

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Port cities are affected by a wide array of emissions, including those from the shipping, road transport, and residential sectors; therefore, the characterization and apportionment of such sources in a high temporal resolution is crucial. This study presents measurements of fine aerosol chemical composition in Piraeus, one of the largest European ports, during two monthly periods (winter vs. summer) in 2018–2019, using online instrumentation (Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor—ACSM, 7-λ aethalometer). PMF source apportionment was performed on the ACSM mass spectra to quantify organic aerosol (OA) components, while equivalent black carbon (BC) was decomposed to its fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning (BB) fractions. The combined traffic, shipping and, especially, residential emissions led to considerably elevated submicron aerosol levels (22.8 μg m−3) in winter, which frequently became episodic late at night under stagnant conditions. Carbonaceous compounds comprised the major portion of this submicron aerosol in winter, with mean OA and BC contributions of 61% (13.9 μg m−3) and 16% (3.7 μg m−3), respectively. The contribution of BB to BC concentrations was considerable and spatially uniform. OA related to BB emissions (fresh and processed) and hydrocarbon-like OA (from vehicular traffic and port-related fossil fuel emissions including shipping) accounted for 37% and 30% of OA, respectively. In summer, the average PM1 concentration was significantly lower (14.8 μg m−3) and less variable, especially for the components associated with secondary aerosols (such as OA and sulfate). The effect of the port sector was evident in summer and maintained BC concentrations at high levels (2.8 μg m−3), despite the absence of BB and improved atmospheric dispersion. Oxygenated components yielded over 70% of OA in summer, with the more oxidized secondary component of regional origin being dominant (41%) despite the intensity of local sources, in the Piraeus environment. In general, with respect to local sources that can be the target of mitigation policies, this work highlights the importance of port-related activities but also reveals the extensive wintertime impact of residential wood burning. While a separation of the BB source is feasible, more research is needed on how to disentangle the short-term effects of different fossil-fuel combustion sources.

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Section: Winter Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Chemical Characterization and Sources of Submicron Aerosol in the Major Mediterranean Port City of Piraeus, Greece

et al. 2021

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“…Studies on the hierarchy of transport externalities are emerging [20], linking the negative externalities of transport and supporting the development of sustainable mobility strategies that tackle the externalities with greater overall influence on society and the environment. Furthermore, in port areas, external costs originate not only from ships but also from other modes connecting the ports with the destination as well as from cargo handling equipment [21]. For the populations around ports, noise created by the hinterland transport is the most visible externality, not from the ships but from trucks and trains.…”

Section: The Concept and Types Of External Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Internalization of External Costs in the Competitiveness of Short Sea Shipping

Ramalho

Santos

2021

JMSE

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This paper applies a methodology for computing external costs in an intermodal transport network that includes short sea shipping to explore the impact of external costs in its competitiveness. The network, which includes roads, freight railways, maritime and inland waterway connections, considers the specific characteristics of different transport alternatives and vehicle types, providing a fair comparison of the various modes. A case study focused on freight transportation between Northern Portugal and 75 destinations (NUTS2 regions) in north-western Europe is presented. The potential of different intermodal routes that include short sea shipping is assessed, including not only internal costs and times but also external costs per mode and unit of cargo. The impact of the different cost approaches in each country of transit is shown along with the progress that has been made in the integration of external costs, using the most recent EU estimates on marginal costs coverage ratios per country for freight transport modes. The results support the modal shift from road to sea in this corridor, providing means for modal comparison and for the development of short sea shipping’s image as a sustainable mode of transportation.

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“…Their study not only enabled air pollution monitoring in ports, but also provided a new methodology in support of local environmental management systems. Progiou et al [17] demonstrated that navigation emissions from ships are an important component of the total emissions, whether of a port, port city, or country. Their study used atmospheric models to simulate the dispersion of air pollutants, and their findings indicated a significant increase in activity in the Port of Piraeus over the last decade, especially from merchant ships.…”

Section: Green Portsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selecting Suitable, Green Port Crane Equipment for International Commercial Ports

et al. 2021

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Responding to the increasing global need for environmental protection, a green port balances economic vibrancy with environmental protection. However, because exhaust emissions (e.g., CO2 or sulfide) are difficult to monitor around ports, data on such emissions are often incomplete, which hinders research on this topic. The present study aimed to fill this gap in this topic. To remedy this problem, this study formulated a new data envelopment analysis (DEA) method for collecting CO2 emissions data at their source. This method was applied to collect real-world operating data from a large container-handling company in Taiwan. Specifically, we provide a real example using a novel green energy index to account for undesirable outputs. Our main objective was to formulate two methods that combine: (1) data envelopment analysis based on a modified slack-based measure, and (2) a multi-choice goal programming approach. The contributions of this paper included the finding that rubber-tired gantry cranes are the greenest and should be used in ports. Finally, our findings aid port managers in selecting port equipment that provides the best balance between environmental protection and profitability.

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Air pollutant emissions from Piraeus port: External costs and air quality levels

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Online Chemical Characterization and Sources of Submicron Aerosol in the Major Mediterranean Port City of Piraeus, Greece

Online Chemical Characterization and Sources of Submicron Aerosol in the Major Mediterranean Port City of Piraeus, Greece

The Impact of the Internalization of External Costs in the Competitiveness of Short Sea Shipping

Selecting Suitable, Green Port Crane Equipment for International Commercial Ports

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