Air pollutants emissions from biomass combustion in the City of Novi Sad, Serbia

Effect of Pulping Waste Liquid on the Physicochemical Properties and the Prediction Model of Wheat Straw Residue Granular Fuels

“…The y m -y curve was fitted to obtain Equation (2) according to experimental data of S, R v , D i and initial density of granular fuel. Therefore, the relationship between the y m and y can be expressed as following: y = g(y m ) Equation ( 1) was integrated with Equation (2) to obtain Equation (3). Therefore, the relationship between the x and y could be expressed as following:…”

“…The relationship between the pulping waste liquid and the physical properties of granular fuel is displayed in Figure 2a. When the solid content of the pulping waste liquid increases from 4.26% to 30.94%, the density of granular fuel increases significantly, and the initial density reaches 1.37 g/cm 3 . It turns out that the solids in the pulping waste liquid can fill the gap between the wheat straw residue particles.…”

“…It turns out that the solids in the pulping waste liquid can fill the gap between the wheat straw residue particles. When the solid content of waste liquid increases by 47.26%, the initial density of granular fuels decreases by 1.38 g/cm 3 , so the addition of pulping waste liquid would lead to more complicated mechanical engagement and intermolecular binding force, and finally result in a dense structure. However, the internal structure undergoes stress deformation over time, so the density of all granular fuels shows decreasing tendency with ongoing, time and the relaxation density tends to a constant after 4 h. In addition, the results show that the granular fuels with high addition of pulping waste liquid have a low reduction amplitude, and further demonstrate that the addition of pulping waste liquid improves the binding force of the granular fuels.…”

“…But the density decreases with increasing moisture content, and water becomes attached to the surface of particles and forms a layer of water film, which hinders the tight binding between the particles [20]. Adding the pulping waste liquid with the solid content of 4.29%, the initial density is 1.02 g/cm 3 . The initial density then increases by 1.05 g/cm 3 with the solid content of 47.26%.…”

“…Therefore, the development of biomass granular fuel technology could compensate the shortage of conventional energy and provide significant environmental benefits. However, the traditional granular fuels made by molding technology has low quality, and various pollutants are released during the combustion process [ 3 , 4 ]. Consequently, selecting suitable additives is a crucial solution to improve the quality of granular fuels and reduce power consumption during granularizing processes [ 5 ].…”