Air Pollutants Exposure and Health Effects during the. MILAGRO–MCMA2006 Campaign

Tovalín, Horacio; Herbarth, Olf; Sierra-Vargas, Martha Patricia; Strandberg, Bo; Blanco, S.; Vega, Libia; Sioutas, Constantinos; Hicks, Juan José; Marroqu√≠n, Rub√©n; Acosta, Gustavo; Guarneros, Marco; Hern√°ndez, Vicente; Estrada-Mu√±iz, Elizabeth; Olivares, Ivonne; P√©rez, Dora; Torres-Ramos, Yessica Dorín; Frank, Ulrich; Hudson, Robyn; Reyes, Edmé Domínguez; Rodr√≠guez, Tracy; Elizondo, Guillermo; Cantellano, Eliseo

doi:10.1201/ebk1439809624-c7

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Thus, using the same method in a previous study to test olfactory performance of Mexico City residents, we could show that big city air pollution has a detrimental effect on odor detection, less so on odor discrimination, and-in contrast to the present study-apparently no effect on odor identification (Guarneros et al 2009(Guarneros et al , 2011; see also Hudson et al 2006). As we have discussed previously (Hudson et al 2006;Guarneros et al 2009), this suggests that the air pollution of Mexico City, containing lower levels of toxic substances capable of reaching central brain structures via transynaptic transport compared with atmospheric levels of Mn at T/C (Tovalín et al 2010), has a detrimental effect primarily on the periphery of the olfactory system (the receptor surface in the nasal cavity).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Nonoccupational Environmental Exposure to Manganese is Linked to Deficits in Peripheral and Central Olfactory Function

et al. 2013

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Manganese is of growing concern as a toxic air pollutant. It is readily transported from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb, and unlike other metals, it is transported transynaptically to structures deep within the brain. However, little is known regarding the possible effect of nonoccupational exposure to manganese on olfactory function. Using the Sniffin' Sticks test battery, we compared the olfactory performance of subjects from a manganese mining district living <1 km from a manganese processing plant, with nonexposed subjects living 50 km from the closest source of exposure (N = 30/group). Groups were matched for age, sex, and schooling, and none had ever worked in mining-related activities. Concentrations of manganese in hair were measured as a biomarker of exposure; exposed subjects had significantly higher concentrations than nonexposed subjects. They were also significantly outperformed by the nonexposed subjects on all olfactory measures (threshold, discrimination, and identification), indicating adverse effects of manganese exposure on a range of olfactory functions, including those involving higher order cognitive processes. This contrasts with previous findings showing adverse peripheral but not central effects on olfactory function of big city air pollution, which mostly consists of toxicants known to affect the olfactory epithelium but with lower transynaptic transport capacity compared with manganese. We conclude that nonoccupational exposure to airborne manganese is associated with decrements in both peripheral and central olfactory function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Nonoccupational Environmental Exposure to Manganese is Linked to Deficits in Peripheral and Central Olfactory Function

et al. 2013

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“…(1) The human exposure study done by Tovalin et al (2010) aimed to evaluate the contribution of regionally transported air pollutants from the MCMA to the children's personal exposure (age 9-12) and their parents during the campaign. This study included: collection of personal and microenvironmental samples of air pollutants (ozone, fine and ultrafine particles, CO, VOCs) at three selected sites in urban, suburban and rural areas; comparison of the indoor and outdoor concentrations and personal exposures to air pollutants at the three sites; determination of the association between the exposures and the level of oxidative stress markers among the study populations; and analysis of the relationship between the exposures and their respiratory health.…”

Section: Health Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

Molina¹

2010

Preprint

105

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Abstract. MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local And Global Research Observations) is an international collaborative project to examine the behavior and the export of atmospheric emissions from a megacity. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) – one of the world's largest megacities and North America's most populous city – was selected as the case study to characterize the sources, concentrations, transport, and transformation processes of the pollutants emitted to the MCMA atmosphere and to evaluate the regional and global impacts of these emissions. The findings of this study are relevant to the evolution and impacts of pollution from many other megacities. The measurement phase consisted of a month-long series of carefully coordinated observations of the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere in and near Mexico City during March 2006, using a wide range of instruments at ground sites, on aircraft and satellites, and enlisting over 450 scientists from 150 institutions in 30 countries. Three ground supersites were set up to examine the evolution of the primary emitted gases and fine particles. Additional platforms in or near Mexico City included mobile vans containing scientific laboratories and mobile and stationary upward-looking lidars. Seven instrumented research aircraft provided information about the atmosphere over a large region and at various altitudes. Satellite-based instruments peered down into the atmosphere, providing even larger geographical coverage. The overall campaign was complemented by meteorological forecasting and numerical simulations, satellite observations and surface networks. Together, these research observations have provided the most comprehensive characterization of the MCMA's urban and regional atmospheric composition that will take years to analyze and evaluate fully. In this paper we review over 120 papers resulting from the MILAGRO/INTEX-B Campaign that have been published or submitted, as well as relevant papers from the earlier MCMA-2003 campaign, with the aim of providing a road map for the scientific community interested in understanding the emissions from a megacity such as the MCMA and their impacts on air quality and climate. This paper describes the measurements performed during MILAGRO and the results obtained on MCMA's atmospheric meteorology and dynamics, emissions of gases and fine particles, sources and concentrations of volatile organic compounds, urban and regional photochemistry, ambient particulate matter, aerosol radiative properties, urban plume characterization, and health studies. A summary of key findings from the field study is presented.

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“…(1) The human exposure study done by Tovalin et al (2010) aimed to evaluate the contribution of regionally transported air pollutants from the MCMA to the children's personal exposure (age [9][10][11][12] and their parents during the campaign. This study included: collection of personal and microenvironmental samples of air pollutants (ozone, fine and ultrafine particles, CO, VOCs) at three selected sites in urban, suburban and rural areas; comparison of the indoor and outdoor concentrations and personal exposures to air pollutants at the three sites; determination of the association between the exposures and the level of oxidative stress markers among the study populations; and analysis of the relationship between the exposures and their respiratory health.…”

Section: Health Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Absorption and Scattering Measurements: Field Measuremnets and Laboratory Characterizations.

Marley¹,

Gaffney²

2011

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A suite of instrumentation was deployed in MAX-Mex at site TO, located in the northern part of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, (MCMA), for the characterization of the aerosol optical properties in the field. Measurements were made of the following aerosol properties: (1) aerosol absorption as a function of wavelength, measured at two minute intervals with a 7-wavelength Aethalometer (2) aerosol scattering as a function of wavelength, measured at one minute intervals with a 3-wavelength nephelometer; 3) aerosol scattering as a function of relative humidity (RH), measured at one minute intervals with 2 single-wavelength nephelometers operated under dry (10% RH) and wet (80% RH) conditions; and 4) collection of sizefractionated aerosol samples on quartz fiber filters at 12 hour intervals (day/night) for further laboratory characterization. Aerosol filter samples were also collected at site Tl (located north of MCMA) for comparison with those collected in the city center. Preliminary results from in situ measurements have indicated an enhanced UV absorption in the afternoon over that expected from black carbon (BC) aerosols alone. These results are directly applicable to both modeling of aerosol radiative forcing and satellite optical depth retrieval algorithms. Both of these applications assume that the aerosol absorption is due only to BC with a wavelength dependence of A, " whereas results obtained in MAX-Mex show that the aerosol wavelength exponent varies over Mexico City from -0.7 to -1.5.All of the data collected in the field from the measurement sets 1-3 have been made available to the ASP community via the MILAGRO data site housed at NCAR. The laboratory characterization of aerosol samples collected in the ASP MAX-Mex field study compared results from Mexico City to samples collected at other sites, including Chicago, Little Rock, and Mt. Bachelor, OR. The project focused on obtaining complete spectral characterization of aerosolsespecially their absorption characteristics as they relate to basic chemical functional groups. Particular attention was given to organics and from biogenic derived organic compounds. This included determinations of the UV-Visible-NIR characteristics of the aerosol absorption as reported as Angstrom Absorption Exponents. Correlation of these results with IR band observations of carboxylic acid, and carboxylate groups were conducted, along with past correlations with carbon isotopic data that indicated significant enhancements of UV-Visible absorption from biogenic aerosols (both biomass burning and secondary organic aerosols). Relationships to other ASP ProjectsThis project collaborated with a number of currently funded ASP projects including research being conducted by Dr. W. Patrick Arnott at the University of Nevada, Reno. Dr. Arnott made use of photoacoustic spectroscopy and light scattering at one or two wavelengths to determine SSA of the aerosol. Comparison of the aethalometer data as well as MAAP instrumentation yielded good to excellent agreement between the instruments...

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Air Pollutants Exposure and Health Effects during the. MILAGRO–MCMA2006 Campaign

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

Nonoccupational Environmental Exposure to Manganese is Linked to Deficits in Peripheral and Central Olfactory Function

Nonoccupational Environmental Exposure to Manganese is Linked to Deficits in Peripheral and Central Olfactory Function

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

Aerosol Absorption and Scattering Measurements: Field Measuremnets and Laboratory Characterizations.

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