Air pollution: a potentially modifiable risk factor for lung cancer

Fajersztajn, Laís; Veras, Mariana Matera; Barrozo, Lígia Vizeu; Saldiva, Paulo Hilário Nascimento

doi:10.1038/nrc3572

Cited by 227 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Sulfate is an important aerosol that poses health risks (Fajersztajn et al, 2013;Xu et al, 2013), and sulfur deposition is a major driver of ecosystem acidification (Driscoll et al, 2010). Due to long-range transport, local sulfate pollution could result from intercontinental influences, making domestic efforts of improving air quality inefficient (Park et al, 2004;Bergin et al, 2005;Liu and Mauzerall, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global source attribution of sulfate concentration and direct and indirect radiative forcing

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The global source-receptor relationships of sulfate concentrations, and direct and indirect radiative forcing (DRF and IRF) from 16 regions/sectors for years 2010-2014 are examined in this study through utilizing a sulfur source-tagging capability implemented in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) with winds nudged to reanalysis data. Sulfate concentrations are mostly contributed by local emissions in regions with high emissions, while over regions with relatively low SO 2 emissions, the near-surface sulfate concentrations are primarily attributed to non-local sources from long-range transport. Regional source efficiencies of sulfate concentrations are higher over regions with dry atmospheric conditions and less export, suggesting that lifetime of aerosols, together with regional export, is important in determining regional air quality. The simulated global total sulfate DRF is −0.42 W m −2 , with −0.31 W m −2 contributed by anthropogenic sulfate and −0.11 W m −2 contributed by natural sulfate, relative to a state with no sulfur emissions. In the Southern Hemisphere tropics, dimethyl sulfide (DMS) contributes 17-84 % to the total DRF. East Asia has the largest contribution of 20-30 % over the Northern Hemisphere mid-and high latitudes. A 20 % perturbation of sulfate and its precursor emissions gives a sulfate incremental IRF of −0.44 W m −2 . DMS has the largest contribution, explaining −0.23 W m −2 of the global sulfate incremental IRF. Incremental IRF over regions in the Southern Hemisphere with low background aerosols is more sensitive to emission perturbation than that over the polluted Northern Hemisphere.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global source attribution of sulfate concentration and direct and indirect radiative forcing

et al. 2017

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“…This variable should therefore be replaced by the gross area of harvest with burning in the municipality, or by the value of the emissions of the sugarcane sector, calculated from the new burning emission factor estimated by INPE 19 . The current scientific knowledge shows that air pollution causes many health problems aside from respiratory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease 20 and cancer [22][23] . Nevertheless, in this study, we chose to use only the outcome of respiratory diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risks due to pre-harvesting sugarcane burning in São Paulo State, Brazil

Paraiso

2015

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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ABSTRACT:After 2003, a new period of expansion of the sugarcane culture began in Brazil. Pre-harvesting burning of sugarcane straw is an agricultural practice that, despite the nuisance for the population and pollution generated, still persisted in over 70% of the municipalities of São Paulo State in 2010. In order to study the distribution of this risk factor, an ecological epidemiological study was conducted associating the rates of deaths and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases, for each municipality in the State, with the exposure to the pre-harvesting burning of sugarcane straw. A Bayesian multivariate regression model, controlled for the possible effects of socioeconomic and climate (temperature, humidity, and rainfall) variations, has been used. The effect on health was measured by the standardized mortality and morbidity ratio. The measures of exposure to the pre-harvesting burning used were: percentage of the area of sugarcane harvested with burning, average levels of aerosol, and number of outbreaks of burning. The autocorrelation between data was controlled using a neighborhood matrix. It was observed that the increase in the number of outbreaks of burning was significantly associated with higher rates of hospital admissions for respiratory disease in children under five years old. Pre-harvesting burning of sugarcane effectively imposes risk to population health and therefore it should be eliminated.

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“…Em paí-ses com maior número de publicações relativas ao tema, são menores os níveis de poluentes encontrados, pois os tomadores de decisão na área da saúde são mais bem capacitados para responder aos conflitos entre desenvolvimento econômico e saúde (FAJERSZTAJN et al, 2013). Apesar desse fator, muitos locais não dispõem de sistemas de monitoramento, já que a implementação dessas redes depende de técnicas custosas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified