Air Pollution and Child Respiratory Health

Barnett, Adrian; Williams, Gail M.; Schwartz, Joel; Neller, Anne; Best, Trudi; Petroeschevsky, Anna; Simpson, R.W.

doi:10.1164/rccm.200411-1586oc

Cited by 301 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Therefore, this study is consistent with the results shown in other similar works that relate child hospital admissions to PM 2.5 (e.g., Dockery et al, 1989;Lin et al, 2005;Schwartz and Neas, 2000). It is also in line with the results shown in studies that relate this pollutant to cases of pneumonia (Ilabaca et al, 1999) and bronchitis (Barnett et al, 2005), and also with those that relate hospital emergencies due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma (Katsouyanni, 2001). The relationships between admissions due to asthma and PM 2.5 are also shown in the study made by Magas et al (2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…They analyzed the emergency hospital admissions of children due to all causes, except trauma, in Madrid and found that the only primary pollutant statistically significant was the PM 2.5 concentration, and the relative risk associated with an increase of 10 μg/m 3 in PM 2.5 concentration was 1.03 for children less than 10 years old. In other countries, the impact of fine particle on children health, and specifically on children's respiratory health, has been analyzed by Dockery et al (1989), Lin et al (2005), Schwartz and Neas (2000), Ilabaca et al (1999), Barnett et al (2005), and Magas et al (2007). These latter papers led to the conclusions that first, the results provide further evidence that the rates of respiratory illnesses and symptoms are elevated among children living in cities with high particulate pollution (particularly fine particulates).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of fine particles on children’s hospital admissions for respiratory health in Seville, Spain

Gil-Delgado

Román

Limón

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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This study analyzes the influence of fine particles PM 2.5 on nonprogrammed children's hospital admissions that occurred in the city of Seville between 2007 and 2011, and makes an economic assessment of the cost of the children's hospital admissions for respiratory causes due to particle pollution. The PM 2.5 dose-response functions for each type of hospital admission were used to quantify the cost of the hospital admissions. It can be concluded that the PM 2.5 concentrations have negative effects on bronchiolitis, pneumonia, asthma, and bronchitis and other causes. A reduction of the daily average annual PM 2.5 concentration from the existing levels to 10 µg/m 3 would show an annual average reduction of children's hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases of 0.09 cases. This paper shows that the daily average cost for children hospital admissions due to respiratory reasons in the city of Seville, associated with daily average annual levels of PM 2.5 above 10 µg/m 3 , was almost 200€.Implications: Elevated PM 2.5 concentrations in Seville have negative effects on children's bronchiolitis, pneumonia, asthma, and bronchitis and other causes. A reduction of the daily average annual PM 2.5 concentration from the existing levels to 10 μg/m 3 would suppose an annual mean reduction of children's hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases of 0.09 cases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fine particles on children’s hospital admissions for respiratory health in Seville, Spain

Gil-Delgado

Román

Limón

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Globally, pneumonia accounts for 15% of all deaths in children less than 5 years of age and was the largest infectious cause of death in children in 2015 (Shibata et al, 2014). Many studies have demonstrated associations between selected air pollutants and adverse health effects in children in the aspects of childhood hospital admissions (Barnett et al, 2005), school absences (Hales et al, 2016), physician visits for upper and lower respiratory illness (Aguilera et al, 2005), and deficits in lung function growth rates (den Dekker et al, 2016). Infectious agents associated with pneumonia include bacteria, viruses, and fungi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of airborne particulate matter on pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia among children in Jinan, China: A case-crossover study

Wang

Pang

et al. 2017

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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This study aims to examine the effect of short-term changes in the concentration of particulate matter of diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) and ≤10 µm (PM 10 ) on pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia in Jinan, China. It explores confoundings factors of weather, season, and chemical pollutants. Information on pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia in 2014 was extracted from the database of Jinan Qilu Hospital. The relative risk of pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia was assessed using a case-crossover approach, controlling weather variables, day of the week, and seasonality. The single-pollutant model demonstrated that increased risk of pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia was significantly associated with elevated PM 2.5 concentrations the day before hospital admission and elevated PM 10 concentrations 2 days before hospital admission. An increment of 10 μg/m 3 in PM 2.5 and PM 10 was correlated with a 6% (95% CI 1.02--1.10) and 4% (95% CI 1.00-1.08) rise in number of admissions for pneumonia, respectively.

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“…Hirai et al (2000) found that inhalation of smoke from fireworks causes cough, fever, and dyspnoea and leads to acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP). Besides particulate matter, there is a strong relationship between higher concentration of SO 2 and several health effects like cardiovascular diseases (Chen et al, 2005;Dockery et al, 2005), respiratory health effects such as asthma and bronchitis (Barnett et al, 2005), reproductive and developmental effects such as increased risk of preterm birth (Liu et al, 2003). Short-term but high emissions of trace elements from fireworks can induce severe health effects like neurological and hematological effects on the exposed population for Pb, carcinogenic effects in humans through inhalation and chronic lung diseases for Cd and Ni, carcinogenic effect on the bronchial tree for Cr, neurotoxic impairments for Mn, respiratory irritance for Cu etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Air Quality during Diwali Festival over Kolkata - A Mega-City in India

Chatterjee

Sarkar

Adak

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

121

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The effects of fireworks on air quality was assessed from the ambient concentrations of PM 10 , water soluble ionic species, metals and SO 2 over Kolkata metropolis, India during Diwali festival in November 2010. PM 10 concentrations on Diwali night were found to be ~5 times higher than the normal day night-time average. The increase in night-time concentrations of the metals on Diwali night spanned over a wide range (Al, Zn, Pb and Cd showed 5-12 times increases, Cu, Fe and Mn showed 25-40 times and Co and V showed 70-80 times) compared to normal night-time concentrations. The water soluble ionic species showed 1.5-6 times higher concentrations on Diwali night than on normal days. The most significant increases were found for K + , Ca 2+, Mg 2+ and SO 4 2-. The diurnal variations in PM 10 and SO 2 were also studied at one of the sites, and the results showed that their maximum concentrations were on Diwali night between 8 P.M.-3 A.M., indicating maximum firework activities during this period. PM 10 and SO 2 concentrations increased by ~5 times compared to those on normal days during this period at this site. The extensive use of firecrackers during Diwali festival thus leads to significant increases in these air pollutants, and since they are associated with serious, adverse health impacts, the use of fireworks during in this kind of festival in a highly populated city, like Kolkata, India, needs to be controlled.

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Air Pollution and Child Respiratory Health

Abstract: This study found strong and consistent associations between outdoor air pollution and short-term increases in childhood hospital admissions. A number of different pollutants showed significant associations, and these were distinct from any temperature (warm or cool) effects.

Cited by 301 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of fine particles on children’s hospital admissions for respiratory health in Seville, Spain

Effects of fine particles on children’s hospital admissions for respiratory health in Seville, Spain

The impact of airborne particulate matter on pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia among children in Jinan, China: A case-crossover study

Ambient Air Quality during Diwali Festival over Kolkata - A Mega-City in India

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